上海中考语法 词法 morphology

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1、2009年中考英语语法词法(Morphology)(一)名词(Noun)1．普通名词和专有名词(CommonandProperNoun)如：Paris，Africa(地名)Japan，Canada(国名)February，Thursday(月份，日期)AlfredNobel，MrSmith，Grandma(人名，称呼)theGreatWall，WorldWideWeb(由普通名词组成的专有名词)2．可数名词和不可数名词(CountableandUncountableNoun)1)可数名词复数形式的构成如：A．coin—coins，toy—toys，month—monthsB．

2、class—classes，box—boxes，church—churches．brush—brushesC．potato—potatoes．tomato--tomatoes(比较：photo—photos，radio—radios，kilo—kilos)D．city—cities，country—countries(比较：day—days，boy—boys)E．shelf--shelves，knife—knives，scarf--scarves(scarfs)F．man—men，woman—women，policeman—policemenbusinesswoman—bus

3、inesswomen，foot--feet，tooth—teethchild—children，mouse—mice，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese2)可数名词的数量表达如：apairofjeansagroupofpeople(a)fewrelativesacoupleofdayssomecomputersalotof／lotsofreportersplentyofbooksalargenumberofpassengersoneofthetopstudentsmanyplaces／timeshundredsof／thousandsofyears(比较：

4、twothousandyears)3)不可数名词的数量表达如：abottleof／twobottlesofwatersomeworka1otof／lotsofnewsplentyofmilkhugeamountsofinformationmuchmoney／time(a)littlefood3．名词所有格(Case)如：Alice’sbirthdaytheteachers’officeChildren'sDaytwentyminutes’walkNewYear'sDaythefrontgateoftheCityHallafriendofKitty’s/mine15(二)代词(

5、Pronoun)人称单复数人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单Imemyminemyself复weusouroursourselves第二人称单youyouyouryoursyourself复youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称单hesheithimherithisheritshishersitshimselfherselfitself复theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1．人称代词(PersonalPronoun)人称代词的主格形式用作主语。人称代词的宾格形式用作及物动词或介词的宾语。如：I(主格，作主语)cal

6、ledhim(宾格，作动词宾语)．He(主格，作主语)wasplayingtenniswithus(宾格，作介词宾语)．SheandI(主格，作主语)wenttotheMcDonald’slastnight．Letthebabysitbetweenyouandme(宾格，作介词宾语)．2．物主代词(PossessivePronoun)形容词性物主代词用作定语。如：hispuppy，myparents，herdiet名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语或表语。如：A：IsthisherTshirt?B：No，hersisred．(主语)A：MayIuseyourdictionary?B

7、．I'velostmine．(宾语)Thatnewflatisours．(表语)3．反身代词(ReflexivePronoun)用作宾语或表示强调。如：Becareful．Youmighthurtyourself．(宾语)Thechildrenmadethemodelplanes(by)themselves．(表示强调)4．指示代词(DemonstrativePronoun)如：A：Isthis／thatyourmotorcycle?B：No，itisn't．A：Arethose／thesecalcul