血管血液心脏课件

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1、Section3PhysiologyoftheBloodVesselsⅠ.FunctionalAnatomyofBloodvessels（各类血管的结构功能特点）1.Windkesselvessel(弹性贮器血管)2.Distributionvessel(分配血管)3.Resistancevessel(阻力血管)4.Exchangevessel（交换血管）5.Capacitancevessel（容量血管）6.Shuntvessel(短路血管)1.Windkesselvessel(弹性贮器血管)aorta&largearteries;rich

2、ofelasticfibers;elasticity&extensible;指主动脉、肺动脉主干及其发出的大的分支。function:tostoreenergy&maintaindiastolicBP;tokeepcontinuityofdiastolicnow;tobuffervariationofBP。WindkesselVessel---Aortaandbigarteries.Theytransientlystorebloodduringsystole,andthenshrinktoproduceonwardbloodflowdurin

3、gdiastole.theyconvertthesharppressurefluctuationsintheleftventricle(0to120mmHg)intomuchsmallerpressurefluctuationsinthearteries(80to120mmHg).AndconverttheintermittentventricularejectionintocontinuousbloodbloodinthevesselsThisfunctionoflargearteriesisknownasWindkesseleffect.

4、2.distributionvessel2.DistributionVessel–MiddlearteriesThesearteriesarerichinsmooth,whichwillsystoleordiastoleundersomephysicalandchemicalfactors.Togetherwithresistancevessels,theymatchthebloodflowtodifferentorganswiththeirrequirements.DistributionofCardiacOutput3.Resistanc

5、evessel(阻力血管)smallartery&arteriole;richofsmoothmusclessympatheticinnervations;function:formationofBP;toproduce&controlresistance;theroleinblooddistributionvenules.Theamountofbloodflowingthroughaparticularcapillarybedisdeterminedinpartbytheactionoftheprecapillarysphincterofm

6、uscle.Thesemusclesallowonly5%-10%ofthecapillaryinbedskeletalmuscles,forexample,tobeopenatrest.4.PrecapillarySphinctermuscle-4.Exchangevessel(交换血管〉Capillary;pores&clefts;slowflow;largesection;function:formationofinterstitialfluid.ExchangeVessel–Capillarythewallsofcapillaries

7、arecomposedofonlyonecelllayer–asimplesquamousepithelium,orendothelium.Theabsenceofsmoothmuscleandconnectivetissuelayerspermitsamorerapidtransportofmaterialsbetweenthebloodandthetissues.5.Capacitancevessel（容量血管）venoussystem;largevolumeandextensibility;sympatheticnerve;functi

8、on:tostoreblood&toregulatevenousreturn.Thewallsofthevenulesarealsothinandeasilydis