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1、第一章电路基础知识1.1库仑定律一、电荷1、自然界中只有正、负电荷，电荷间作用力为“同性相斥，异性相吸”。2、电量电荷的多少叫电量，电量的单位是库仑。1个电子电量e=1.6×10－19C。任何带电物体所带电量等于电子（或质子）电量或者是它们的整数倍，因此，把1.6×10－19C称为基元电荷。二、库仑定律1、库伦定律的内容在真空中两个电荷间作用力跟它们的电量的乘积成正比，跟它们间的距离的平方成反比，作用力的方向在它们的连线上，这就是库仑定律。若两个点电荷q1，q2静止于真空中，距离为r，则q1受到q2的作用力F12为式中F12、q1、q2、r诸参数单位都已确定，分别为牛（N
2、）、库（C）、库（C）、米（m）由实验测得k=9×109N·m2／C2thesamedirectionofrotation90°or180°for;aftereachdiscrotorwhenmeasuringpositionalignmentofthetwohalfcouplingconstant,shouldalsobeintermsofaccuracyandconsistency.Surfacedeviationmeasurement,mustinevery180degreescorrespondingtothetworadiiareequaltoeachother
3、inordertoeliminateerrorscausedbymovementoftherotor.Onlyasupportbearingoftherotor,WAcouplings,suchastheuseoftemporaryleavetheCenter,shouldpayattentiontokeeptherotorinthemeasuringprocessinthecenterofthebearingoilretainingthenestdoesnotchange.Steamoilblock,thereshouldbesufficientclearancebet
4、weentherotorand,inrotorsmakesurerotorisnotontheblockorsealoil.Atthetimeofmeasurement,connectionsarenotallowedbetweentworotors,eachinafreeState.Notallowedincaseofassembledsleeve,Centerworkonthetoothedcoupling.Couplingtoolshouldhaveadequatestiffness,installationmustbesecureandreliable.Coupl
5、ingCenterusingadialindicator,thetableshouldbeputinprisonandavoidtouching,toensurecorrectmeasurement.Couplingdiscafteraweektoreturntotheoriginalposition,circumferenceofdialgaugereadingshouldbeabletogobacktotheoriginalvalue.Whenmeasuringtheclearanceofend,intothefeelerofthegapshouldnotexceed
6、fouratatime,whenthegapistoolarge,youcanusethegasketwiththefeelergaugemeasurementofgaugeblocksorfinishing.bearingsurface,markupshouldbeinaccordancewiththemountingsupportpads,andretestthethickness.Oncetheliftingcylindermeasurementofsurfaceandinternalcylindersurfaceheightdifference,comparedw
7、iththeoriginalvaluesconfirmthelocation.Internalverticalandhorizontalcylinderunderstatekeyinsertioninstallationcomplexmeasuringcylinderinaxialposition.Bottom201q2受到q1的作用力F21与F12互为作用力与反作用力，它们大小相等，方向相反，统称静电力，又叫库仑力。2、注意事项：（1）、库仑定律只适用于计算两个点电荷间的相互作用力，非点电荷间的相互作用力，库仑定律不适用。（
