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1、第七篇TheApgarTestThebabywasbornat3:36p.m.At3:37,shescored4outof10onherfirsttest.At3:41,shescored8outof10.Thedoctorwasglad.Anotherbaby,bornat8:24p.m.,scored3outof10onhisfirsttest.Hescored4outof10onhissecondtest.Hetookanothertestat8:34andscored5.Thedoctorwasworried.Hecal
2、ledforhelp1.ThesenewbornbabiestookatestcalledtheApgartest.Thistesthelpsdoctorsdiagnoseproblems.Theydecideifababyisnormalorneedsspecialcare.Mostbabiestaketwotests.Thefirstisat1minuteafterbirth,andthesecondisat5minutesafterbirth.Ifababy’sscoreat5minutesislessthan6,theb
3、abytakesanothertestat10minutesafterbirth.TheApgartestisnotanintelligencetest.It’satestthatshowsababy’shealthrightafteritisborn.TheApgartestmeasuresthingssuchasababy’scolor,heartrate,andbreathing.Thetesthasfiveparts,andthescoreforeachpartcanbe0,1,or2.Doctorsaddthescor
4、estogetherforthetotalApgarscore.AdoctornamedVirginiaApgardevelopedthetest.ApgarwenttomedicalschoolatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCityin1929.Shefacedmanychallengesbecauseshewasthefirstwomanintheprogram.However,shewasoneofthebeststudentsinherclass.Aftermedicalschool,shes
5、tartedtreatingpatients2.Apgaralsobecamearesearcherinanesthesiology,anewtopicinmedicineatthetime3.Duringherstudies,shelearnedhowtogivepatientsanesthesia.Anesthesiaisaprocedurethatmakespatientsloseconsciousness,sotheydonotfeelanypainduringsurgery.Inthe1940s,manywomenst
6、artedtohaveanesthesiawhentheygavebirth.Apgarhadaquestion:Howdoesanesthesiaaffectnewbornbabies?In1949,whenApgarwasaprofessoratColumbia’smedicalschool,shecreatedhersimpletest.Shewroteapaperabouthermethodsin1953.Soonafter,peoplestartedusingtheApgartestaroundtheworld.Inh
7、erwork,Apgarsawthatmanynewbornshadproblems.Shewantedtohelpthesebabiessurvive.Shestoppedpracticingmedicinein1959,andshewentbacktoschooltogetamaster’sdegreeinpublichealth.Shespenttherestofherlifedoingresearchandraisingmoneytohelpnewbornbabies.Today,theApgartestisstillu
8、sedallovertheworld.Newbornbabiesdon’tknowit,butVirginiaApgarisaveryimportantpersoninthefirstfewminutesoftheirlives.第七篇阿普加测试下午3:36，一
