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1、福师12秋《高级英语阅读（二）》练习题（W）注：本课程练习题所提供的答案仅供学员在学习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问。I.Readingcomprehension:Passage1Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”–physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusabouttheg
2、roup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcoursearemusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwas
3、invented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanex
4、plorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,tooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic
5、-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmericaprintedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopleto
6、createnewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,
7、taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustli
8、mitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebeca
