speaking and writing strategies for the toefl ibt托福口语写作策略

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1、ii-SpeakingandWritingStrategiesfortheTOEFLiBTCopyright©2009byBruceStirlingAllrightsreserved.Duplication,distributionordatabasestorageofanypartofthisworkbyanymeansisprohibitedwithoutpriorwrittenapprovalofthepublisher.®®G+3TiC=CandOPDUL=Careregisteredtrademarks.Forpermissiontouse

2、materialfromthistextorCD,pleaseforwardyourrequesttoinfo@novapress.net.ISBN-10:1-889057-58-4ISBN-13:978-1-889057-58-3SpeakingandWritingStrategiesfortheTOEFLiBTOnthewebatwww.argumentmapping.com.Thistextisalsoavailableasaphoneapp.Visitwww.novapress.netoriTunesformoreinformation.No

3、vaPress11659MayfieldAvenueLosAngeles,CAUSA900491-800-949-6175info@novapress.netwww.novapress.net®®TOEFLisaregisteredtrademarkofEducationalTestingServices(ETS),Princeton,NewJersey,USA.Thematerialinthistext,includingargumentmaps,speakingandwritingprompts,speakingandwritingstrateg

4、ies,speakingandwritingsampleresponses,andtheproficiencychecklistsandratingguides,werecreatedanddesignedexclusivelybytheauthor,BruceStirling.ThispublicationisnotendorsedorapprovedbyETS.SpeakingandWritingStrategiesfortheTOEFLiBT-iiiContentsDEVELOPINGANARGUMENT………………………..………………………

5、.…..1ArgumentsandtheTOEFLiBT…………………………………………..………………1WhatisanArgument?……………………………………………………………………..1Personal-OpinionArgument:Deduction.………………………………………………2RhetoricalStrategies……………………………………………………………………….4Personal-OpinionArgument:Induction……………………………..…………………7DevelopingYourOpinion

6、………………………………….………………………………8Fact-BasedArgument:Deduction………………………………………………………11Fact-BasedArgument:Induction.………………………………………………………13Coherence=AHighScore………………….…………………………………………..14ArgumentMapping………………………..………………………………………………14G+3TiC=C…..……………………………………………………………………………....15TASKORDE

7、R………………………………………………………………………………19WRITINGTASKSINDEPENDENTESSAY.………………………………………………………….…21G+3TiC=C…………….…………………………………………………………………..…21BasicIndependentEssay………………………………………………………………22Agree-DisagreePrompts…….…………………………………………………………..22OPDUL=C…………….…………………………………………………………………….26Prefere

8、ncePrompts…….…………………………………………………………………37Compare-Contra