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1、虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1).动词过去式(或were)2).助动词(过去式)+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoC
2、hinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.2.与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词ShouldWould+have+过去分词couldmightIfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.3.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、wereto+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形coul
3、dmight14Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.4.错综时间虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。)
4、Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.状语从句1.方式状语asif(asthough)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如:HelooksatmeasifIweremad.HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.但asif(astho
5、ugh)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.2.目的状语inorderthat,sothat从句谓语动词用"may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如:Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.143.连词引导的条件状语从句:incase,unless,supposing,providing,onconditionthat从句谓语动
6、词用(should)或"might,could)+动词原形"。4.连词引导的步状语从句:lest,forfearthat等Wehidbehindsomebushesforfearthatpasser-byshouldseeus.二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句1.Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:1)要求:askdemandrequirerequestbegpleadinsistprayurge2)建议:suggestadviseproposerecommendmove3)命令、决定:ordercommanddeci
7、dedetermineresolve4)其它:consentdeservedesireintendmaintainprefer等后面的宾语从句中+that…(should)+动词原形注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.注意
8、:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语