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1、MICHAELS.GAZZANIGAVHUMANTheScienceBehindWhatMakesUsUniqueForRebeccaAnnGazzaniga,M.D....thequintessentialhumanandeverybody’sfavoriteauntCONTENTSAcknowledgmentsviPrologue1Part1THEBASICSOFHUMANLIFE1AreHumanBrainsUnique?72WouldaChimpMakeaGoodDate?38Part2NAVIGATINGTHESOC
2、IALWORLD3BigBrainsandExpandingSocialRelationships794TheMoralCompassWithin1135IFeelYourPain158vcontentsPart3THEGLORYOFBEINGHUMAN6What’sUpwiththeArts?2037WeAllActlikeDualists:TheConverterFunction2468IsAnybodyThere?276Part4BEYONDCURRENTCONSTRAINTS9WhoNeedsFlesh?325Afterwor
3、d386Notes391Index432AbouttheAuthorOtherBooksbyMichaelS.GazzanigaCreditsCoverCoyrightAboutthePublisherACKNOWLEDGMENTSThisbookstartedalongtimeago.ItsoriginsareprobablysomewhereintheJ.AlfredPrufrockhouseatCaltech,whereIhadtheprivilegeofbeingingraduateschool.ThatiswhatwecalledT
4、heHouse,andithadseveralbedrooms,oneofwhichwasmine.IcantellyoutheinhabitantsoftheotherbedroomswereallmuchsmarterandwiserthanI.Mostwerephysicists,andallwentontogreatcareers.Theythoughthardabouthardproblemsandtheycrackedmanyofthem.Whatwasenduringabouttheexperienceforayoungneophyte
5、likemeweretheaspirationsofthesebrightmen.Workonthehardproblems.Work,work,work.AndIdid,andIhave.Paradoxically,theproblemIhavespentmylifeexaminingismuchharderthantheirs,whichinaphraseis,whatisthedealwithhumans?Oddly,theywerefascinatedwithmyproblem,andatthesametime,Icouldn’tgettofi
6、rstbasewiththeconceptualtoolstheyusedonamoment-by-momentbasistotackletheirownproblems.WhileIusedtowhipmyhousemate,thephysicistNormanDombey,inchess,IremaintothisdaynotatallconfidentthatItrulyunderstandthesecondlawofthermodynamics.Infact,IknowIdon’t.YetNormanseemedtounderstandever
7、ything.Theatmospherewassuffusedwiththepervasivebeliefthattheobjec-tiveofthemeaningfullifeistogaininsightintoitsmysteries.Thatwaswhatwassocontagious.So,hereIamtryingtodoitagain,someforty-fiveyearslater.Andyet,notbymyself,notbyalongshot.Theissueisviiacknowledgmentstryingtofigureout
8、whatitmeanstobehuman.Thatisclearenough.So,tocomeoutoft
