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1、钢结构考试简答（Usethetestofsteelstructure）1,inwhichcasedoesbuttweldneedtobecalculated?(7points)A:theweldingdefectshavelittleeffectonthecompressiveandshearingbuttwelds,soitisconsideredthatthecompressiveandshearbuttweldsareequaltothebasemetalstrength,butthebuttweldsaresensitivetothedefects.Sincethestr
2、engthoftheweldisequaltothatofthebasemetalintheoneortwogradetest,thetensilestrengthoftheweldonlyneedstobecheckedbyonlythreegradeinspection.(4)angle56degrees(3)2intheshearconnection,theordinaryboltconnectionandthefrictiontypehigh-strengthboltconnectionperformancedifference?(8points)Answer:theor
3、dinaryboltshearstressandfailure,fromexperiencedfourstages,becauseitallowstheslidingcontactsurface,toconnecttoreachthelimitstatefailureasthedesigncriteria;highstrengthbolttighteninginthepretension,greatproducescrew,andisconnectedbetweentheplateprestressed.Becauseofthefrictiongeneratedonthecont
4、actsurface,therelativeslipbetweentheplatescanbepreventedunderconsiderableload,sotheelasticworkingstageislonger.Whentheexternalforceexceedsthefrictionbetweentheplates,therelativeslidingoccursbetweentheplates.Thefrictionconnectionofhighstrengthboltisthelimitstateoftheshearbearingcapacity3.Whata
5、rethecharacteristicsoffatiguedamageofsteelstructures?(7points)Features:isalowstresslevelshouldbesuddenlydestroyed,(3)belongstoabrittlefracture;thefractureisdifferentfrombrittlefracture,canbedividedintothesourceofcrack,crackpropagationandfracturezone;(2)thetypeofdamageisverysensitivetodefects.
6、4.Howmanytypesofboltsarearrangedonthecomponent?Whatrequirementsshouldbemet?Whatistheminimumdistancebetweenboltsandends?Answer:therearetwoformsofboltarrangementonthecomponent:juxtapositionandstaggeredcolumns.(2points)Threeaspectsshouldbemet:(1)forcerequirements,(2)constructionrequirementsand(3
7、)structuralrequirements(3points)Theminimumboltdistanceis,theminimumdistanceis(3points)1,whatarethetwodestructiveformsofsteelstructure?Whatareitscharacteristics?(7points)Answer:plasticdamage:beforethedestructionhasalargerplasticdeformation,oft
