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1、普通生物学笔记(陈阅增)5（NotesonGeneralBiology(ChenYuezeng)5）NotesonGeneralBiology(ChenYuezeng)--recommendationofbiologyforpostgraduateentranceexaminationCollegedynamics2008graduateadmissions2006.07years.EnglishstudyPoliticsofpostgraduateentranceexaminationPost
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37、Navigation:biologyshow>examnotes>informationnotes>GeneralBiologynotes(ChenYuezeng)Author:qgchusource:BIOONClick:81633time:20
38、05-4-24(6)lysosomeisaorganellethatbreaksdownproteins,nucleicacids,polysaccharidesandotherbiologicalmacromolecules.Ithasasinglemembraneandcontainsavarietyofhydrolases.Function:decompositionfromtheoutsideintotheintracellularsubstances(phagocytosis),dig
39、esttheirownlocalcytoplasmicorcellorganelles(autophagy).Whenthecellsaresenescent,thelysosomalmembranebreaksdown,releasingtheenzyme,digestingthewholecellandcausingcelldeath(autolysis).Lysosomesareformedbyvesiclesseparatedfromtheendoplasmicreticulum.Asm
40、allvacuolecontaininglysosomalenzymesislysosomes.(7)cytoskeleton:ascaffoldcomposedof3kindsofproteinfibers.The3proteinfibersaremicrotubules,actinandintermediatefilaments(intermediatefilaments).Thelongdiameter24nmmicrotubules:hollowfiber.Inadditiontored
41、bloodcells,eukaryoticcellshavemicrotubules,spindle,flagellum,ciliaarecomposedofmicrotubules.Tubulin:doublehelixofaandBsubunitsformmicrotubules.ColchicinecancombinewithaandBtoblockthemicrotubulesofaandB.(polyploidy)thedestructionofthespindlebytheChang
