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1、TheMeasureofViceandSinAReviewoftheUses,LimitationsandImplicationsofCrimeDataAlexTabarrok,PaulHeaton,EricHellandAlexTabarrok,DepartmentofEconomics,GeorgeMasonUniversity,Fairfax,VA,20120.PaulHeaton,RandCorporation,1776MainSt.,P.O.Box2138,SantaMonica,CA90407-2138.
2、EricHelland,DepartmentofEconomics,BauerCenter305,Claremont-McKennaCollege,Claremont,CA.,WethankAdamTabakaforresearchassistance.WethankCarlisleMoody,JustinMcCrary,andparticipantsattheMarch2009,DeVoeMooreCenterSymposiumonTheEconomicsofCrimeforcomments.39Introduct
3、ionIn1670WilliamPetty,founderofempiricaleconomics,calledforthecollectionofofficialstatisticson“thenumberofpeople,thequalityofinebriatingliquorsspent,thenumberofunmaryedpersonsbetween15and55yearsold,thenumberofCorporallsufferingsandpersonsimprisonedforCrime”alls
4、othatthatwemightknow“themeasureofViceandSininthenation.”QuotedinBensonandHughes(1991,p.112).Petty’scallhasbeenanswered.Inthispaperwepresentthemajorsourcesofdataoncrime,briefdescriptionsandhighlightsshowthetypesofdatathatareavailableineachsource,howthisdatacanbe
5、accessed,howithasbeeninthepastandmaybeusedinthefutureandsomeofthedata’slimitations.Ourgoalistoprovideaguidetoempiricalresearcherswhowishtowadeintothewatersofviceandsin.OurprimaryfocuswillbeonU.S.crimedatabutwewillalsodiscusssomeofthewaysinwhichdataacrosscountri
6、escanbeusefullycompared.Inadditiontointroducingthereadertovariousdatasets,wewilloutlinemethodologicalconsiderationsofgeneralapplicability.Crimedataiscollectedbytwomethods:reportingandsurveys.Eachtypepresentsresearcherswithbenefitsanddrawbacks.Oneproblemwithpoli
7、cereports,forexample,isthatalargefractionofcrimeisunreportedandthedatathatisreportedmayfrequentlybeincomplete.Surveyscapturesomeunreportedcrimebut,surprisingly,failtocaptureallreportedcrimeandtheyaresubjecttobiasesaspeoplefailtoremembersomeeventswhileatthesamet
8、imeincorrectly"remembering"otherevents.Moreover,answerstosurveyscanchangedramaticallywithseeminglyminorchangesinthequestionsbeingaskedanddifferentpeoplemayunderstandthesameq
