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1、西方法学派别概述_txt（Anoverviewofwesternlegalschools_txt）Anoverviewofwesternlegalschools.TxtTheoriginofthetheoryofnaturallawThetheoryofnaturallawoccupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryofwesternlegalthought,andrunsthroughthewholeprocessofwesternlegalthoughthi
2、story.FromancientGreece,ancientRometomodernbourgeoisthinkers,alloftheminvolvednaturallaw.Inotherwords,inthepasttwothousandyears,thetheoryofnaturallawisapersistenttheoryinWesternjurisprudence.Therefore,studyingthistheoryseriouslyisofgreatsignificancet
3、oanalyze,criticizeanddrawlessonsfromthebourgeoisjurisprudence.NaturallawisdifferentfromancientGreekphilosophy.ThefamousnaturalphilosopherHeraclitusreferredtonaturallawandhumanlaw,andthoughtthatlawwastheproductofwar,andattributedlawtoeternalproduct.(s
4、ixthCenturyBC)Heevenpointedoutthedifferencebetweenthenaturallawandtheartificiallaw,butdidnotgiveafurtherargument.Butlater,SophistsProtagorasandrepresentativesaredescribedinlaw,thatoriginatedinthestateofnature,istheexpressionofjustice.Socrates,onthisb
5、asis,formallydividedthelawintotwocategories:oneistheformulationoflaw,theotheristhestatuteoflaw.Itispointedoutthatlawisthecodeofconductforcitizens.Thestatuteoflawsisthecriterionofhumanbehavior,thelegislationofGod,andthelegislationofhumanbeingmustobeyt
6、helegislationofgod.HisstudentPlaton,especiallyhisdiscipleisAristotle,inthe"politics"inonebook,formallyputforwardthebasicideaanddemonstratesthenaturallawfromtheperspectiveofthelaw,butnotthesystem.ThefirstonetosystematizethenaturallawisCicero,afamousth
7、inker,statesmanandjuristinancientRome.Hismasterpiece"law"isamasterpieceofsystematicexpositionofthetheoryofnaturallaw.Henotonlydefinedthenaturallaw,butalsoconnecteditwithempathyandjustice,andpointedoutthatbothreasonandjusticeoriginatedfromnature.Hebel
8、ievesthatthenaturallawofimmortal,eternalandunchanging,isabsolutelyright;andhumanlaw(Law)istohavetwokindsofcases:whereinaccordancewiththenaturallawoftheprincipleofhumanlawisthejusticelaw,otherwiseitisnotlegal.Ciceropushedthetheoryofnaturallawtoitsfirs
