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1、国际海事组织和危险货物运输规则FocusonIMOInternationalMaritimeOrganization,4AlbertEmbankment,LondonSE17SR,UnitedKingdomTel:+44(0)2077357611Fax:+44(0)2075873210E-mail:rkohn@imo.orgornbrown@imo.orgWebsite:.imo.orgMay1996IMOanddangerousgoodsatseaThetransportbyseaofdangerousandharmfulgoods,includingmarinepollutant
2、sandwastesItisestimatedthatmorethan50%ofpackagedgoodsandbulkcargoestransportedbyseatodaycanberegardedasdangerous,hazardousorharmfultotheenvironmentaccordingtoIMOcriteria.Thecargoesconcernedincludeproductswhicharetransportedinbulk-suchassolidorliquidchemicalsandothermaterials,gasesandproductsfor
3、andoftheoilrefineryindustry,andwastes.Someofthesesubstances,materialsandarticlesaredangerousorhazardousfromasafetypointof6><#00aa00'>view,andarealsoharmfultothemarineenvironment;othersareonlyhazardouswhencarriedinbulkandsomemaybeconsideredasharmfultothemarineenvironment.Between10%to15%ofthecarg
4、oestransportedinpackagedform,includingshipbornebargesonbarge-carryingships,freightcontainers,bulkpackagings,portabletanks,tank-containers,road-tankers,swap-bodies,vehicles,trailers,intermediatebulkcontainers(IBCs),unitloadsandothercargotransportunits,fallunderthesecriteria.Astheworldbecomesincr
5、easinglyindustrializedandasindustryitselfbecomesevermorecomplex,sothetransportbyseaofthesecargoeswillcontinuetoriseandthelistsofproductswillgrow.Itisessential,ifshippingistomaintainandimproveitssafetyrecord,thatthesecargoesarehandled,transportedandstoredwiththegreatestpossiblecare.BackgroundOve
6、rthelastfourdecades,theInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)hasbecomerecognizedasthemaritimecommunity'sforumforallmattersaffectingthesafetyofshipping.ThetransportofdangerouscargoeshasbeenoneofIMO'sresponsibilitiessinceitcameintobeingandtheregulationsandrecommendationsithasdevelopedar
7、eobservedby153MemberStateswhosecombinedmerchantfleetsrepresentmorethan98%oftheworld'sgrosstonnage.Morethanonehundredyearsagosofewdangerouscargoesweretransportedbyseathatnospecialregulationswereconsiderednecessary.Itwasnotunti
