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1、20thousandand90majorscientificdiscoveries（2009十大科学发现）Time's20thousandand90majorscientificdiscoveries:longpassmaterialbreakthroughtime:2009-12-1010:51source:SinaTechnologyTimemagazineTuesdayselectedthetenmajorscientificdiscoveriesin2009,theoldesthumanancestorAd
2、diefoundatthetopofthelist,themoonfoundwater,LargeHadronColliderrestartlist.1.theoldesthumanancestor,Addie""Addie"istheoldesthumanskeletonfossileverdiscoveredbefore.Herfingersarelong,4feettall(about1.21meters),andhisheadisnotasbigaschimpanzee'shead.Facingsuchaw
3、oman,itisdifficultforustohaveafeelingofliking.Aftermorethan100piecestogetherinmosaicinEthiopiafoundfossils,scientistsgotthefemaleadilerramidus(Addie)oftheskeleton.Addielived4million400thousandyearsagoandwasnotknownuntil1992,whenherfossilboneswerefirstdiscovere
4、d.After17yearsofresearch,ateamofscientistsfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley'sTimWhiteleadershipinOctoberin"science"magazinepublishedaseriesofarticles,publishedacomprehensiveanalysisofAddie.Accordingtotheirresearch,Addiewasnotsimilartochimpanzee,althougho
5、riginallyconsideredtobetheoffspringofthelastcommonancestorofmanandchimpanzee.Inaddition,althoughlivingintheforestareas,butAddiehastheabilitytowalkonthebiped.Thediscoveryunderminedtheimportanceofopengrasslandsforhumanevolutionintotwoleggedwalks.2.breakthehumang
6、enomeThehumangenomeproject,whichbegan10yearsago,raisestheexpectationthatunderstandingallhumangeneticinfluenceswillbecomepossible.Thelinkbetweengenesanddiseaseisaverycomplexproblemthatismorecomplexthanwethink.Withthedevelopmentoftheresearch,anewdisciplinehaseme
7、rgedinthefieldofgenesignalingresearch,thatisepigenetics(alsoknownasepigenetics).Epigeneticsbelievesthatenvironmentalinfluencescanaltergenebehaviorandthatchangesthatoccurwillbepassedontothenextgeneration.Forexample,peoplewhosmokehabitswhentheyareyoungwillshowde
8、finiteepigeneticchangesthatmayincreasetheiroffspring'sriskofearlypuberty.InOctober,theresearchteaminCaliforniaYasuoerkeInstituteledbyJosephEckelonhumanskinandstemcellswerestudied,a
