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1、人教版化学必修二知识点（PEPtwochemistryknowledge）FourthchapterhydrocarbonAlkanehydrocarbonsCnH2n+2OlefinhydrocarbonCnH2n(n=2)C=CAlkyneCnH2n-2(n=2)C=CAromatichydrocarbons:benzenehomologueCnH2n-6(n=6)(1)thereasonsforthevarietyoforganiccompoundsare:1.carbonatomscombinewith4covalentbondswithotheratoms;2.c
2、arbonandcarbonatomsformavarietyofchainandringorganiccompounds;3.isomerism(2)organiccompounds:mostcarboncontainingcompounds(3)hydrocarbons:compoundscontainingonlyCandHelementsSection1methane1.Thespatialstructureofmethane:tetrahedralstructure2,nature:Physicalproperties:colorless,odorless,ins
3、olubleinwater,isthemaincomponentofnaturalgas,methane(pitgas)andpetroleumgasChemicalproperties:methaneisstableanddoesnotreactwithstrongacidandstrongalkali,andthereactioncanbecarriedoutundercertainconditions:(1)flammability(2)substitutionreaction(3)hightemperaturedecompositionCH3ClgasCH2Cl2l
4、iquidCHCl3(chloroform)CCl43,use:verygoodfuel;thepreparationofH2,carbonblack,chloroformandsoon.4,theexperimentwillbefullofCH4andCl2:(volumeratio1:4)tubeupsidedowninthewatertank,thestronglightafteraperiodoftime,willseethecolor_______tubegas,liquidlevelinthepipe_______,theinnerwallofthetesttu
5、behas________;addingAgNO3solutiontoremovetube,tubesolution,see______generation(fillphenomenon)commonlyknownas.CCl4______,__densitythanwaterSecondparaffin1,alkane:(1)structuralfeatures:Thehydrocarbonmoleculesofcarboninthesinglechainlink,therestofthevalencebondwithallcarbonatomsofhydrogencom
6、bine,calledhydrocarbons,oralkane.(2)nomenclatureofalkanes:Thesimplenomenclatureofalkanes:thenumberofcarbonatomsbelowtenisexpressedbya,B,C,Ding,e,G,G,Xin,Ren,andGUISystematicnomenclature:1)lookforthemainchain-thelongestcarbonchain;2)number:nearestbranch3)writethenamefirst,thenreproduceCH(CH
7、3)2CH(C2H5)C(CH3)3isthenameof______Thenameof2,3,3three-methylethylbutaneiscorrect(3)thenatureofalkanes:Whenthemolecularweightincreases,theboilingpointincreasesandthedensityincreases,andthestateisfromgas,liquidtosolid(4carbonatomorbelowisgaseous)Themeltingpoint
