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1、水果英文介绍大全苹果：Theappleisatreeanditspomaceousfruit,ofthespeciesMalusdomesticaintherosefamilyRosaceae.Itisoneofthemostwidelycultivatedtreefruits.Itisasmalldeciduoustreereaching5-12mtall,withabroad,oftendenselytwiggycrown.Theleavesarealternatelyarranged,simpleovalwithanacutetipandserratedmargin,slightlyd
2、ownybelow,5-12cmlongand3-6cmbroadona2-5cmpetiole.Theflowersareproducedinspringwiththeleaves,white,usuallytingedpinkatfirst,2.5-3.5cmdiameter,withfivepetals.ThefruitmaturesinAutumn,andistypically5-8cmdiameter(rarelyupto15cm).__TOC__AppletreeinflowerBotanicaloriginsWildMalussieversiiappleinKazakhstan
3、ThewildancestorofMalusdomesticaisMalussieversii.IthasnocommonnameinEnglish,butisknownwhereitisnativeas"alma";infact,onemajorcityintheregionwhereitisthoughttooriginateiscalledAlma-Ata,or"fatheroftheapples".ThistreeisstillfoundwildinthemountainsofCentralAsiainsouthernKazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,
4、andXinjiang,China.Formanyyears,therewasadebateaboutwhetherM.domesticaevolvedfromchancehybridizationamongvariouswildspecies.RecentDNAanalysisbyBarrieJuniper,EmeritusFellowintheDepartmentofPlantSciencesatOxfordUniversityandothers,hasindicated,however,thatthehybridisationtheoryisprobablyfalse.Instead,
5、itappearsthatasinglespeciesstillgrowingintheIliValleyonthenorthernslopesoftheTienShanmountainsattheborderofnorthwestChinaandtheformerSovietRepublicofKazakhstanistheprogenitoroftheapplesweeattoday.LeavestakenfromtreesinthisareawereanalyzedforDNAcomposition,whichshowedthemalltobelongtothespeciesM.sie
6、versii,withsomegeneticsequencescommontoM.domestica.SomeindividualM.sieversii,recentlyplantedbytheUSgovernmentataresearchfacility,resistmanydiseasesandpeststhataffectdomesticapples,andarethesubjectofcontinuingresearchtodevelopnewdisease-resistantapples.Otherspeciesthatwerepreviouslythoughttohavemade
7、contributionstothegenomeofthedomesticapplesareMalusbaccataandMalussylvestris,butthereisnohardevidenceforthisinolderapplecultivars.TheseandotherMalusspecieshavebeenusedinsomerecentbreedingprogrammestodevelop
