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1、高考英语语法专题讲解-高考英语语法专题讲解1.定语从句1.1三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；（3）选择合适的关联词。1.2何时用that？何时用which？1.2.1只能用that的3种情况：（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及theonly、theverythesame、thelast修饰过.（2）先行词为all、everything、nothing等不定代词.（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时.e.g.LatermyfatherandMr.Cr
2、ossettalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.1.2.2只能用which的情况：（1）介宾短语（2）指代前面的一件事e.g.Hetalkedofitinarudewaywhichmademeannoyed.1.3关系代词as（正如…）1.3.1as在定语从句中作主语e.g.Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature.Wehavefoundsuchmateria
3、lasisusedintheirfactory.(非同一块材料)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialthatisusedintheirfactory.(同一块材料)1.3.2as在定语从句中作宾语e.g.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou.ShewearstheclothesasshedidlastSunday.(穿的是同一件)Shewearstheclothesashersisterdoes.(穿的不是同一件)1.3.3as在定语从句中作表语e.g.Hewa
4、snotthesamepersonashe(was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)=Hewasnotthesamepersonthathewas.1.3.4as的固定用法:Asweknow,=Asisknowntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,…1.4allthat和whatAllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.that引导定语从句that引导表语从句=WhatIknowisthat……
5、What引导主语从句1.5关系副词:where,when,why比较:ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.ThisisthehousewhichIvisited.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.5ThereasonwhyIamcallingyouistoinviteyoutomyparty.Thereasonyougavemeye
6、sterdaycannotbeaccepted.ThereasonisthatIwantyoutocometomyparty.表语从句ð只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。p.s.在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别2.1形式结构基本相同：都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。2.2句法功能不相同:同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在
7、从句中占一语法位置。2.3区别方法：2.3.1that是否在从句中担任成分？Thenewsthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.在从句中不担任成分Thenewsthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.在从句中担任宾语2.3.2在that前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位语；否则就不是。Thenewsisthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.成立Thenewsisthatyoutoldmelastweekisnot
8、true.不成立2.3.3根据that前的名字判断同位语that前的名词必须是一个表示事实的抽象名词:fact,news,information,order,belief,reply,answer,saying,doubt,hope,idea,thought,suggestion,wish,conclusion,decision,knowledge,opinion,problem,promise,question,plan,report,truth,viewetc.定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制
