vocabulary chap1~12

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1、VocabularyofChapter1注：表中未标出词性的词均为名词。microorganisms微生物microbiology微生物学bacteria细菌(single:bacterium)fungi真菌(single:fungus)algae藻类(single:alga)protozoa原生动物(single:protozoan)virus病毒micrometer微米plasmamembrane质膜metabolism新陈代谢unicellularadj.单细胞的multicellularadj.多细胞的prokaryoticadj.原核(细胞)的prokar

2、yote原核细胞eukaryoticadj.真核(细胞)的eukaryote真核细胞ribosome核糖体organelles细胞器nucleus细胞核eubacteria真细菌(single:eubacterium)archaebacteria古细菌(single:archaebacterium)acellularadj.无细胞结构的、非细胞的antibiotic抗生素vaccine疫苗LeeuwenhoekinventorofmicroscopeVocabularyofChapter2taxonomy分类学morphology形态学physiology生理学ki

3、ngdom界genus属species种endosymbiotictheory内共生理论viroid类病毒virusoid(viroid-like)拟病毒(类类病毒)prion朊病毒capsid衣壳envelope被膜Bacteriophage(phage)噬菌体binomialname双名ATCC(AmericanTypeCultureCollection)美国典型菌种中心rod杆菌cocci球菌(single:coccus)helicalspiral螺旋菌curvedrod弧菌Actinomycetes放线菌纲substratesubstratum基内菌丝aer

4、ialmycelium气生菌丝asexualadj.无性的spore孢子conidiospore分生孢子sporangiospores孢囊孢子hyphae菌丝(single:hypha)mycelium菌丝体budding出芽plasmogamy质配karyogamy核配meiosis减数分裂Ascomycete子囊菌纲ascospore子囊孢子Basidiomycete担子菌纲basidiospore担孢子Zygomycetes结合菌纲zygospore结合孢子Deuteromycetes半知菌纲slimemold粘霉WhittakerProposeroffive

5、-kingdomclassificationEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌Streptomycesgrisius灰色链霉菌Saccharomycescerevisiae酿酒酵母Penicilliumchrysogenum点黄青霉菌VocabularyofChapter3fermentation发酵TheoryofSpontaneousGeneration自生说pasteurization巴斯德消毒法microscopy显微镜学microscope显微镜magnification放大magnifyingpower放大倍数resolution(resolving

6、power;resolvingdistance)分辨率、分辨距离ocular(lenses)目镜objective(lenses)物镜numericalaperture数值孔径immersionobjective油浸物镜、油镜staining染色fixation固定Gramstaining革兰氏染色acid-faststaining抗酸性染色primarystain初染mordant媒染decolorizing脱色endospore内生孢子、芽胞bright-fieldmicroscope亮视野显微镜fluorescencemicroscope荧光显微镜dark-f

7、ieldmicroscope暗视野显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope相差显微镜interferencemicroscope干涉显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope扫描式电子显微镜、扫描电镜transmissionelectronmicroscope透射式电子显微镜、透射电镜pureculture纯培养reproduction繁殖binaryfission二等均分agar琼脂media培养基(single:medium)Petriplate培养皿sterile无菌的sterilization灭菌aseptictechniqu