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1、定语从句讲解及练习Ⅰ.概念:(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用:1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…
2、,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语)常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:●that:可指人
3、或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)3.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthed
4、eskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)3.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)Chaplin,forwhomlifehadonc
5、ebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.)Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Is
6、hookhandswith?博雅教育www.boyaa.org●as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;asmany/muchas;so…as等结构中。如:※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.)Hereissobigastonethatnoo
7、necanliftit.(结果状语从句)②如为非限制性的Ⅲ.关系副词引导的定语从句:●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词联系电话:029-6899991115002936808如:time,day,week,tear,month,etc.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意:先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,wh
8、ich或that在从句中作主语或宾语。