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1、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的用法归纳一.由两部分构成:疑问词和动词不定式(wh-+todo)。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who,whom,what,which和whose以及疑问副词when,where和how。此外,连接词“whether”也适用.它主要具有以下几种功能: ⑴当主语,如:●Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.●Wheretoliveisaproblem.⑵当宾语,常接在forget,findout,discuss,decide,tell,teach,know,learn,wonder,remem
2、ber等动词之后作宾语如:●Wemustknowwhattosayatameeting.●Hecouldnottellwhomtotrust.●Doyouknowhowtoplaybridge? ⑶当表语,如:●Theproblemiswheretofindthefinancialaid.●Thequestioniswhotoelect.⑷当名词同位语,如:●Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.●Thequestionwhethertoconfesstroubledthegirl.⑸用于宾语补足语,双重宾语。某些动词后可接“s
3、b.+疑问词+不定式”构成的双重宾语,这类动词常用的有advise,ask,show,teach,tell等如:●Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.●IaskherhowtolearnEnglish.●Hewilladviseyouwhattodo.●Willyoushowmehowtousethemachine?(6)作介词宾语:某些介词后面可接"疑问词+不定式"作宾语,这类介词常用的有about,as,from,in,of,on,with等。例如:Hehasnoideaofhowtoanswerthisquestion.他不知
4、道怎样回答这个问题。Dellahadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。(which是关系代词)Youhaveanumberoftopicsfromwhichtochoose.你有很多题目可以选择。(which是关系代词)二“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如:Idon’tknowwhatI’lldonext.=Idon’tknowwhattodonext. Thedoctortoldhimwhenheshouldtakethemedicine.=Thedoct
5、ortoldhimwhentotakethemedicine.同样,因为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句,所以可用同等成分的从句代替,从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语,并把不定式改为适当的形式的谓语即可。如:Whichtochooseisimportant.=Whichweshouldchooseisimportant. Thequestioniswheretogo.=Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo. 三、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。如: Whattodo?怎
6、么办?Howtogetridofthetrouble?如何摆脱困境?按照英语语法的习惯,疑问副词why 后不直接跟动词不定式,如:误:Idon’tknowwhytochoosethatdictionary.正:Idon’tknowwhyyoumustchoosethatdictionary.但它可以接不带to的动词不定式,即动词原形,构成whydosth./whynotdosth.肯定形式是表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的,而否定形式是表示向某人提建议和表达看法,相当于祈使句。TodayisSunday.Whynotgoouttorelaxyourself
7、?Whypaymoreatothershops?Wehavethebestvalue.练习:1.I have no idea when ___ her the bad news. A.will tell B.telling C.tell D.to tell2.—Willyoupleaseshowmehowtodotherole-playexercise?—Sure.Nowletmetellyou____first.A.whichtodoB.howt
8、odoC.whentodoD.whattodo3.Ineedyou