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1、纳米材料的特性和应用（Characteristicsandapplicationsofnanomaterials）CharacteristicsandapplicationsofnanomaterialsAbstract:theattractivepropertiesofnanomaterialsinstructure,photoelectricandchemicalpropertieshaveattractedtheinterestofphysicists,materialsscientistsandc
2、hemists.Sincethebeginningofthe80s,theconceptofnanomaterialshasattractedmuchattentionfromallovertheworld.Itsuniquephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsmakepeoplerealizethatitsdevelopmentmaybringnewopportunitiestothestudyofphysics,chemistry,materials,biology,m
3、edicineandsoon.Nanomaterialshaveawideapplicationprospect.Inrecentyears,ithasalsobeenappliedinthefieldsofchemistry,catalysis,coatingandsoon,andshowsitsuniquecharm.Keywords:nanomaterials,characteristics,applicationsAbriefhistoryofthe1.nanometerdevelopmentIn
4、1959,thefamousphysicistandNobelprizewinnerRichard.Feynmanpredictedthathumanscanusesmallmachinestoproducesmallermachines,accordingtothefinalrealizationofthewishesofthehumanorderbyatom,manufacturingproducts,thisisthefirstonthedreamofnanotechnology.In1991,Am
5、ericanscientistshavesuccessfullysynthesizedcarbonnanotubes,andfoundthatitwasonlywiththequalityofthevolumeofsteel1/6,theintensityis10timesthatofsteel,socalledsuperfiber.Thenanomaterialsfoundsignsofhumantoexplorematerialperformancehasreachedanewheight.In199
6、9,theannualoutputofnanoproductsreached$50billion.2.whatisnanomaterial?Nano(nm)isaunitoflength1nmis10-9meters(1/1000000000meters),onthemacronanomaterial,isaverysmallunit,ratherthanahumanhair,thediameteris7000-8000nm,thehumanredbloodcelldiameteris3000-5000n
7、m,thediameterofthevirusgenerallytenstohundredsofnanothesizeofthegrainsizeofmetalinmicronscale;themicroscopicsubstancessuchasatomandmoleculebeforethelattersaidthat1isequivalentto1hydrogenatomsindiameter,1nmis10.Itisgenerallybelievedthatnanomaterialsshouldi
8、ncludetwobasicconditions:first,thecharacteristicsizeofthematerialisbetween1-100nmandtwoisthematerial,atthesametime,ithassomespecialphysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsthatdistinguishtheconventionalsizematerials.Charac
