immunopharmacology - pharos university in alexandria：免疫药理学-亚历山大灯塔大学

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1、ImmunologyByDr.MohamedBarakatLymphocytesrecognizeandrespondtoparticularmicrobesandforeignmolecules,i.e.,theydisplayspecificityAforeignmoleculethatinducesanimmuneresponseisknownasanantigenRECOGNITION7/12/2021InnateImmunityAdaptiveImmunityCharacteristicsofInnateandAdap

2、tiveImmunityNoImmunologicmemoryAntigenindependentNotimelagNotantigenspecificAntigendependentAlagperiodAntigenspecificDevelopmentofmemory7/12/2021Immaturedendriticcellsinternalizeantigen,processit,mature,migratetolymphnode,andpresentprocessedAgtoTcellsforadaptiveimmune

3、response.Dendriticcellssecretecytokinesthatpromoteinflammation.7/12/2021SimplifiedschematicofimmuneresponsesystemMHCClassI/peptidesAPCsMHCClassII/peptidesAPCsProteinantigenCD8T-cellCD4T-cell(helperT-cells)B-cellPlasmacellCD8cytolyticT-cellsCD4immunecell(delayedhyperse

4、nsitivity)antibodyproductionproliferation&differentiationproliferationproliferation&differentiationLA-02’7/12/2021DCbridgeinnateandadaptiveimmunityDCrecognizePAMPsthroughTLRsTLR7andTLR8playdifferentrolesinDCmaturationInnateimmunityisan”immediateprocess”viaskin&mucousm

5、embraneAntimicrobialpeptidesaremoleculesthatcirculatingcellssinceoralmucosaisnormallycoveredwithmucinasatissuebarriersandsalivaviaprotein&histamineMajorcellsofinnateimmunityisphagocytesi.eneutrophils,basophilss,&monocytesMacrophagesarethenaturalkiller(NK)alongwithdent

6、riticcellswhichactivatelymphocytesLymphocytesacttoinitiatetheadaptiveimmuneresponsei.eT-lymphocytes&B-lymphocytesleadingtosecretionofcytokines7/12/2021AdaptiveImmunity:TwomajormechanismsCell-mediatedimmunityHumoral(antibody)immunitySolublefactors(cytokines)haveavitalr

7、oleininitiationandregulationofbothimmuneresponsesATTACK&MEMORYTheBandTcellsthatfirstrecognizeagivenforeignantigenareshortlived,whereasimmunememorycellscanhavelonglifetimesIllustratedhereforBcells,buttheprocessforTcellsissimilarInahealthyimmunesystem,asBandTcellsmature

8、theyaredestroyedbyapoptosisiftheyattackselfmoleculesRECOGNITIONofselfmoleculesHealthy,matureBandTcellsthenhavethecapacityto