6000 languages an embattled heritage

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1、6000languages:anembattledheritagep58p.57Warm-upQuestionsWhatcausesaregiventoexplainwidespreadlanguagelossoverthepast300years?Whateffectsofwidespreadlanguagelossaregiven?6000languages:anembattledheritageembattled1(ofaplaceorpeople)involvedinorpreparedforwar,especiallybec

2、ausesurroundedbyenemyforces严阵以待的，投入战斗的theembattledYugoslavianrepublics.卷入战争的各南斯拉夫共和国。2(ofaperson)besetbyproblemsordifficulties（人）处境艰难，四面楚歌TheworstmaynotbeoverfortheembattledChancellor.对于这位处境艰难的大臣来说，最糟糕的事情并没结束。Minoritylanguagesidelinedsideline1cause(aplayer)tobeunabletop

3、layinateamorgame使（运动员）无法参赛Anankleinjuryhassidelinedhimfortwoweeks.踝部受伤使他停赛两周。2(figurative)removefromthecentreofactivityorattention;placeinalessinfluentialposition(喻)使靠边；使降格MPshavebeensidelinedandexcludedfromdecision-making.议员靠边站，无权决策。Whatcausesaregiventoexplainwidesprea

4、dlanguagelossoverthepast300years?1paragraph3colonialconquestcolony1countryorareasettledorconqueredbypeoplefromanothercountryandcontrolledbythatcountry殖民地aformerBritishcolony,egAustralia前英国殖民地（如澳大利亚）2groupofpeoplefromaforeigncountrylivinginaparticularcityorcountrywiththe

5、sameoccupation,interest,etclivingtogetherinthesameplace移民群体;侨民群体；住在同一地方有相同职业、兴趣等的人群theAmericancolonyinParis巴黎的美国人区.anartists‘colony聚居的艺术家colonizev.殖民;移殖conquestn.conquerv.1takepossessionof(sth)byforce以武力占领,征服（某事物）TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.诺曼人於1066年征服了英国.2gainthea

6、dmiration,love,etcof赢得HesetouttoconquertheliteraryworldofLondon.他决心赢得伦敦文学界的赞誉.Shehasconqueredtheheartsofmanymen,ietheyhavefalleninlovewithher.她已使许多男子倾心.3defeat(anenemy,arival,etc)击败（敌人、对手等）(fig比喻)overcome(anobstacle,emotion,etc)克服（障碍、情绪等）Youmustconqueryourfearofdriving.

7、你必须克服驾驶车辆的恐惧心理.2paragraph4establishanofficiallanguageineducation,themediaandthecivilserviceTheriseofnation-states,whoseterritorialunitywascloselylinkedtotheirlinguistichomogeneityhasaslobeendecisiveinselectingandconsolidatingnationallanguagesandsideliningothers.territor

8、ialoforrelatingtotheownershipofanareaoflandorsea领土的；领海的territorialdisputes领土争端territorialintegrity领土完整homogene