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1、代词作主语时的一致 each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待. Eachofushassomethingtosay. Somebodyisusingthephone. Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining. Haseitherofthemtoldyou? some,few,both,many等作复数 some可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一. none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数
2、概念,但none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数: Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit. None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera. None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid. Noneofthisworriesme. all和most可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(allofthe…,mostofthe…),动词用单数. 由and或both…and连接名词词组时,后用复数;由not
3、only…but(also),either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致. Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged. Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome. EitheryouorMrYangistodothework. NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind. 如果一个句子是由there或here引导,
4、而主语又不止一个,谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致. Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix. Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou. people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽),militia(民兵)等通常都用作复数. Cattlearegrazingonthepasture. Thepolicearelookingforhim. 有些集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据意思来决定. Hisfa
5、milyisn’tverylarge. Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers. Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth. Thecommitteearedividedinopinion. Theaudiencewasenormous. Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords. 有些名词单复数同形,可根据意思决定谓语动词的数: Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth. Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextm
6、onth. Thisspeciesisnowextinct. Thesespeciesarenowextinct. 表示时间,重量,长度,价值等的名词,尽管仍是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词也可用单数形式(当然用复数动词也是可以的): Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations. Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight时态 1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可
7、能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour. I’vebeensittinginthegarden. 2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled. Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetim
