内燃机车结构详解（detailed description of diesel locomotive structure）

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1、内燃机车结构详解（Detaileddescriptionofdiesellocomotivestructure）Therearetwomaintypesofmoderninternalcombustionengines,oneiscompressionignition(dieselengine),andtheotherissparkignition(gasolineengine).Whatwe'regoingtotalkabouthereisgasolineengines.Foraninternalcombustionengine,themixtureofair

2、andfuelissuckedintothecylinderandcompressedinthecylinder.Whenthemixtureiscompressed,themoleculeisforcedintoaverysmallspace.Thiscausesthemoleculestocollidewitheachother,creatingfrictionandheat.Themolecularchainofthefuelmoleculeismadeupofdifferentatoms,andthecombinationofthesedifferent

3、atomsrequiresenergy.Inordertoreleasefuelenergy,thefuelmoleculeshavetosplitupandreformadifferentstructureoflowenergymolecules.Oncethefuelmoleculesaresplit,theenergythatcombinesthedifferentatomsisnolongerneeded.Thisreleasedenergyprovidespowerfortheinternalcombustionengine.Forgasolineen

4、gines,compressionalonedoesnotprovideenoughenergytosplitfuelmolecules.Theheatenergythatpassesintothefuelmoleculemakesitunstable,butmoreforceisneededtoseparatethefuelmoleculefromtheatom.It'snoteasytoseparatetwopeoplewhoarestrugglingtogether.Topullthemapart,you'reusingmorepowerthanthey'

5、retwistingtogether.Anelectricshockguncanseparatetwopeoplewhowrestletogether,becausethedischargevoltageis100kVwhentheelectricgundischarges.Thepotentialenergyofanelectricshockgunisgreaterthantheenergyusedbytwopeoplegrapplingwitheachother,sothetwomenwillletgoandseparate.Eventhoughthecyl

6、indercompressesheat,ittakesmorepowertosplitthefuelmoleculesandreleasetheenergy.Thehighenergysparkproducedbytheignitionsystemcanprovidethisforce.Ignitionofgasmixturerequireshighenergyelectricalspark,somanydifferentignitionsystemsareadopted.Step-uptransformerisoneofthemostcommonignitio

7、nsystems.Thetransformeruseselectrodeswithlowvoltageandhighcurrenttoproduceelectrodeswithhighvoltageandsmallcurrent.It'smadeupoftwodifferentcoils.Thefirstcoiliscalledtheprimarycoil,andthesecondcoiliscalledthesecondarycoil(seeFigure1).Inordertoincreasethemagneticfield,theprimarycoilisw

8、oundaroundan