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1、大家学习网第一部分： SmartWindow Windowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawi
2、ndowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch2. “Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,”saysClaesGranqvist.He’saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden3.“It’scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesur
3、roundingworldtofeelwell.”So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey’restuckindoors. Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit’shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightc
4、arrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingblastsofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld. Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,
5、scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing,andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusechromogenictechnologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor. Electrochromicwindowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoated
6、withthinlayersofchemicalcompoundsuchastungstenoxideworksabitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltageisdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit’scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavo
7、ltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark. Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof“memory.”Allittakesisasmalljoltofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakeanywherefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonth
8、esizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatclub.TopSa
