igcse生物复习language

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1、UnderstandingexamlanguageWhydosomequestionsaskmetostatewhilstothersaskmetoexplainandyetothersdescribe?Doestheexaminerjustusedifferentwordstomaketheexampaperlookbetter?Inthesyllabusbookthereisasectionentitled‘GlossaryofTermsusedinSciencePapers’,whichdescribethecomm

2、andwordsinsciencepapers.Itisimportantthatyouunderstandwhateachofthecommandwordsrequiresandthatyoutailoryouranswerstoquestionsaccordingly.Thelistisquitealongoneandcanbeoff-putting.Inthissection,themostcommonlyusedcommandwordsarediscussedinmoredetailtohelpyouidentif

3、ywhatisrequired.DefineThisrequiresaformaldefinition.Thesyllabusshowswordsforwhichyoushouldknowadefinitioninitalics.Thesyllabusgenerallyincludesthedefinitionthatyoushouldlearn.Yourtextbookalsoincludesthesedefinitions.Youneedtolearnthesebyheart–butdomakesurethatyouf

4、ullyunderstandthemeaningofthedefinitionaswell.StateThistestswhetheryouhaveabasicknowledgeofafact,orifyoucanfindaparticularpieceofinformationindatathathasbeenprovidedtoyou.Youneedonlytogiveaveryshortanswer.Youdonotneedtosupportyourstatementinanyway.Often,theanswerc

5、anbejustoneword.Example:Statethenameofthebloodvesselthattransportsdigestedfoodfromthesmallintestinetotheliver.Answer:Hepaticportalvein.6DescribeThisisaverycommonwordusedinexaminationquestions.Itcouldbeusedwhentheexaminerwantsyouto:·describethepatternortrendshownin

6、agraphinyourownwords·describehowyouwoulddosomething,forexamplecarryoutafoodtestoranexperiment·describethestructureofsomething(youcansometimesusealabelleddiagramforthis)·describehowsomethingworks.Example:Withreferencetothegraphbelow,describehowtemperatureaffectsthe

7、activityofenzymes.Answer:Astemperatureincreasesfrom0ºCto40ºC,therateofenzymeactivityincreasesexponentially.Itreachesamaximumat40ºC,whichistheoptimumtemperatureforthisenzyme.Astemperatureincreasesabove40ºC,enzymeactivitydropssteeply,becomingcompletelyinactiveat60ºC

8、.Example:Describehowyouwouldtestafoodforstarch.Answer:Placeasampleofthefoodonawhitetile.Addiodinesolution.Ifitgoesblue-blackthenstarchispresent.Ifitstay