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1、本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献题目：ReviewingtheDevelopmentofModernLandscapeArchitectureinAmerica文献来源：期刊文献发表日期：2008.10.25院（部）：艺术学院专业：园林班级：园林061姓名：张峻涛学号：2006061324指导教师：鲁敏教授翻译日期：2010.6.9山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文外文文献：ReviewingtheDevelopmentofModernLandscapeArchitectureinAmerica1IntroductionThenewcen
2、turycameintheend,turnofthecentury,acenturyorevenmillenniumreplaceactuallyreplacedinaflash,inthismoment,theUnitedStatesModernLandscapeArchitectureprofessionhasgonethroughanextraordinarycentury.Inthepassingawayofhundredyears,theUnitedStatestheemergenceofmodernlandscapearch
3、itectureanddevelopmenttoguidethedirectionofmodernlandscapearchitecture,andcoversalmostalloftheexploration.Therefore,wehopethatthroughtheirreviewandthinking,canandenlightenment.2DevelopmentIndustrialrevolutionhasbroughtabouttremendousandfar-reachingchangestothe19thcentury
4、,knownasthe"fatherofAmericanlandscapearchitecture"oftheFLOlmstedandVauxdesignedbyBritisharchitect,NewYork'sCentralPark(1858)theconstruction,markingtheordinarylivinglandscapetocome.Asastartingpoint,thelandscapearchitecturefromthepathofindependence,andwithmodernAmericansoc
5、ietyandthedemocraticprocess,movingfromaverysmallselectionoftraditionalprofessionalintotheworldofhumanlifeforalmostallthescalesinvolvedinthesubject;intheshortshortbarformorethanacentury,thelandscapeofhumanexperienceinseveraldimensionsgreatlyexpanded.2.1Theexpansionofthefi
6、eldofprofessionalpracticeAndidealasasymbolofaseriesofcityparks(1865ThurmondPhiladelphiaPark,JinshanPark,1870SanFrancisco,Chicago,1871SouthPark,etc.)andthebeginningofmodernlandscapearchitecturepractice,suchasapioneerintheOlmsteadinitiative,adheretothewholelandfromthecitya
7、ndtheperspectiveofthemodernlandscapearchitectureprofessionalpracticeareasofthestartlocation;includingurbanparksandgreenspacesystems,urbanandrurallandscaperoadsystem,residentialareas,schools,realestatedevelopmentandnational-11-山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文parksplanninganddesignmanage
8、mentinthebroadfield.Withthesocialdevelopmentandunderstandingofhumannaturecontinuestoexpand,thepracticeo
