海水淡化原理及方法综述（review of principles and methods of desalination）

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1、海水淡化原理及方法综述（Reviewofprinciplesandmethodsofdesalination）2008th3phasechemicaleducation1ChemistryandsocietyReviewofprinciplesandmethodsofdesalinationYangZhaoWangMingzhaoThree(Schoolofchemistry,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875)Theprincipleofseawaterdesalinationandmu

2、ltistageflashevaporationandreverseosmosisareintroduced2commonlyusedmethodsofdesalinationofseawaterAndabriefreviewisgivenResearchandtechnicalapplicationofseawaterdesalinationinchina.Keywordsdesalination;multi-stageflash;reverseosmosis;Waterplaysanimportantroleinhumane

3、xistenceanddevelopmentAndcanThefreshwaterresourcesusedbyhumanbeingsaccountforonlythetotalwaterreservesoftheworld0177%.Withtheshortageoffreshwaterresources,thesituationisbecomingincreasinglyseverePeopleItishopedthatnewfreshwaterresourceswillbedeveloped.Desalinationasa

4、developmentTheimportantmeansofnewfreshwaterresourceshavebeenpaidmoreandmoreattention.1principlesofdesalination(4)theproportionofvariousionsinseawaterisrelativelystable(seetable)1);Oceanwateraccountsforthetotalwaterreservesoftheworld9615%,andthehumanraceisnear70%livei

5、nlessthanthesea120kilometersawayTherefore,theseawaterDesalinationhasbecomeaninevitabletrendinthedevelopmentofnewwatersources.DesalinationwillbeTheprocessofremovingsaltfromwaterintofreshwater.OneThemaincharacteristicsofseawaterqualityare:(1)highsalinity,usuallyinAbout

6、35g/L;(2)corrosive;(3)inthesea,11waterqualitycharacteristicsofseawater[1]InresearchanddevelopmentDistillation,especiallymulti-stageflashevaporation,ismostwidelyused.Plantsmore;Seawaterdesalinationtreatment[4]ItwasinthelateeighteenthCentury.Theearliestdesalinationplan

7、tswerein1881MostofthedrinkingwaterontheislandwasbuiltinMaltaintheMediterraneanonDecember.Earlyresearchonmoderndesalinationmethods(5)thechangeofPandHissmallSurfaceofseawaterInpH811~813range,DeepinPHfor718orso.surface1mainioncompositioninseawaterComponentcontent(mg/,L)

8、componentcontent(mg/,L)Cl18980Br65Na+10560Sr2+13SO242560SiO26Mg2+1272,NO3215Ca2+400,B416K+380F-114HCO3142totalsaltcontent34400mg/LM