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1、THESONGJohnDonne唐朝杜秋娘的《金缕衣》：劝君莫惜金缕衣,劝君惜取少年时。花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝Thispoemchieflyconcernsthelackofconstancyinwomen.Thetonetakenisoneofgentlecynicism,andmocking.Donneasksthereadertodotheimpossible,whichhecompareswithfindingaconstantwoman,thusinsinuatingthatsuchaw
2、omandoesnotexist.Thetitle,"Song",leadsustoexpectcertainthings:alyricalelementtothewords,andamusicalrhythm,whicharefulfilledbythisneatlycraftedpoem.Itisalsoveryambiguous,nothintingatthesubjectmatterofthepoem.Thestanzasareslightlylongerthanmightbeexpected,n
3、inelineseach,butthisallowsforthemorecomplexandabstractideas,whicharearchetypalofmetaphysicalpoetry.Thefirststanzaisthemostforceful,employingtheimperativetoachieveasenseofcommand,andimplyingthatheistalkingtoonespecificperson.Thesecondstanzabeginsconditiona
4、lly,"if",andcontinuestobedirectedtowardstheapparentlistenerbytherepeateduseofthesecondpersonsingular,"thou".Bothareheavyinexoticimagery,whichthefinalstanzaiscompletelydevoidof,andthefinalstanzaalsotakesonafarmoreconversational,monosyllabictone.Thefirstsen
5、tenceisacommand:"Goandcatchafallingstar",andanimpossibleone,forhowcanonecatchastar?Theword"falling"suggestsagradualdeterioration,ratherthanfallenwhichwouldbeirretrievable,thereisasensethatthereisachance,butitisnarrow.ItisinterestingthatDonneisusingtheconv
6、entionallyromanticimageofastarindefianceofsuchatraditionalideaasmonogamy.Itcouldalsobelinkedtothefourthlinewhichreferencesthedevil,asLuciferwasafallenangel,andthestarsareoftensymbolicofAngelsandheaven,thisdevilimageryperhapsisanearlysuggestionoftheduplici
7、tyofwomen.Donnebuildsonthisideaoftheimpossibleinthesecondline,"Getwithchildamandrakeroot",thereismuchsuperstitionsurroundingthemandrakeplant,itissaidtoscreamwhenpulledfromtheground,andit"resemblesthehumanform,sometimesthefemaleformandsometimesthemale,acco
8、rdingtowhethertherootsaretwofoldorthreefold".Thiscouldagainbelinkedtothedevilwhohas"cleft"feet,whichalsoresemblethefork-rootedplantthroughtheideaofdivisionandmultiplicity.Thisinturnissuggestiveoftheinconstancyofwome
