国际商法复习资料整理

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1、1.ConsiderationinCommonLaw(Considerationisoneofthethreeelementsofcontractformationincommonlaw,theothertwobeingofferandacceptance.)lConsiderationissomebenefitreceivedbyapartywhogivesapromiseorperformsanact,orsomedetrimentsufferedbyapartywhoreceivesapromise.

2、lConsiderationisthatwhichisactuallygivenoracceptedinreturnforapromise.lSomeright,interest,profitorbenefitaccruingtooneparty,orsomeforbearance,detriment,loss,orresponsibilitygiven,sufferedorundertakenbytheotherlInplainEnglish,considerationisthepriceyoupayto

3、purchaseanotherperson’spromise.2.GeneralRulesonConsideration1)Considerationrequiredforallsimplecontracts.(Apromisewithoutconsiderationisagift;onemadeforconsiderationisabargain.)2)Considerationmusthaveavaluethatisrecognizedbythelawbutneednotbeequaltotheprom

4、ise.3)Considerationmustbepresentorfutureandcannotbepast.4)Considerationmustbepossibletoperform.(Apromisetodotheimpossiblewouldnotbeacceptedasconsideration)5)Considerationmustbelegal.(Anillegalconsiderationmakesthewholecontractinvalid.)6)Considerationmustmo

5、vefromthepromise.7)Considerationmustnotbetoovague.(Moralconsiderationisnotconsideration.)8)Performanceofanexistingcontractualdutyisnotvaluableconsideration3.ExceptionstotheConsiderationRequirement1)Contractundersealdoesnotneedconsideration2)PromissoryEstop

6、pel3MistakeslMistakesundercommonlawmeanamisunderstandingaboutafact,oftenoccursbetweenthepartiestoacontract.lMistakeundercivillawmeanserrorrelatingtothenatureofcontractedobjectamountstothecauseforainvalidcontract.Typesofmistakes1)Commonmistake:thepartiesare

7、inagreementbutarebothmistakenaboutafactthatisessentialtotheexistenceofthecontract.2)Mutualmistake:occurswhenthepartiestoanapparentcontractmisunderstandeachotherregardinganessentialfact.3)Unilateralmistake:occurswhereonepartyismistakenandtheotherpartyisawar

8、e,orshouldbeaware,ofthemistakeanddoesnothingtocorrectit.(eg.古董)ChapterFive:ContractLawfortheInternationalSaleofGoods1.RemediesforbreachofcontractBreachofcontract:iscommittedwhenapartywithoutlawfulexcusefailso