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1、GREPhysicsReviewGREReview:LabMethodsOfficially,thissectioncontains:“dataanderroranalysis,electronics,instrumentation,radiationdetection,countingstatistics,interactionofchargedparticleswithmatter,lasersandopticalinterferometers,dimensionalanalysis,fundamentalapplicationsofprobabilityandstat
2、istics”Afterlookingthroughthepracticetests,thekeythingstoreviewarehowtocalculateerrors,howlaserswork,howtoreaddatachartsorinstrumentationoutput,andhowtocalculateI,R,andVgivenacircuitdiagram(i.e.Kirchoff’sLaw,seriesvs.parallel,capacitance,etc.).AgoodtextbooktoskimoverforthebasicsisGiancoli“
3、PhysicsforScientistsandEngineers:VolumeII”.(AndInoticedafewpracticeproblemsinvolvingtheMichelsonInterferometer–checkouthttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/MichelsonInterferometer.html.B.CAPACITORSTheCapacitanceoftwooppositelychargedconductorsinauniformdielectricmediumisUnits:Farads=whe
4、reQ=thetotalchargeineitherconductorV0=thepotentialdifferencebetweenthetwoconductors.EXAMPLE:+++++++z=0+pss-------z=d–pconductorsurfaceCapacitanceoftheparallel-platecapacitor:eisthepermittivityofthehomogeneousdielectricOnlowerplate:DnisthenormalvalueofD.Onupperplate:Dn=–DzV0=Thepotentialdif
5、ference9GREPhysicsReviewQ=rsSandV0=consideringconductorplanesofareaSareoflineardimensionsmuchgreaterthand.Totalenergystoredinthecapacitor:MultipledielectriccapacitorsAreaSe1e2d2d1dc2e2c1e1conductingplatesºAparallel-platecapacitorcontainingtwodielectricswiththedielectricinterfaceparalleltot
6、heconductingplates;C=1/{(d1/e1S)+(d2/e2S)}.whereV0=Apotentialdifferencebetweentheplates=E1d1+E2d2E1=rs1=Thesurfacechargedensity=D1=e1E1=C.CURRENTANDRESISTANCEDEFINITIONSCurrent:amperes9GREPhysicsReviewwherei=ElectricCurrentq=NetCharget=TimeCurrentDensityandCurrent:Amperes/m2wherej=CurrentD
7、ensityi=CurrentA=Cross-sectionalAreaMeanDriftSpeed:wherev0=MeanDriftSpeedj=CurrentDensityn=Numberofatomsperunitvolume.Resistance:Ohms(W)whereR=ResistanceV=PotentialDifferencei=CurrentResistivity:Ohm–meters(Wm)wherer=ResistivityE=ElectricFieldj=CurrentDensityPo
