英语专业名词(水利方面)

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1、英语专业名词(水利方面)水water水圈hydrosphere水体waterbody水科学waterscience水文学hydrology陆地水文学landhydrology应用水文学appliedhydrology工程水文学engineeringhydrology地表水surfacewater地下水groundwater水汽watervapour水文要素hydrologicelements降水precipitation雨季rainyseason雪snow积雪snowcover初雪firstsnow终雪latestsnow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail

2、截留interception填洼depressiondetention地面滞留surfacedetention陆面蒸发evaporationofland水面蒸发evaporationofwatersurface土壤蒸发evaporationfromsoil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporationcapability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steadyinfiltration下渗能力infiltrationcapability河川径流riverrunoff降雨径流rainfallrunoff暴雨径流storm

3、runoff融雪径流snowmeltrunoff枯季径流dryseasonrunoff基流baseflow洪水flood阴塞高压blockinghigh低空急流low－leveljet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropiccyclone热带低压tropicdepression热带风暴tropicstorm强热带风暴severetropicstorm台风typhoon气团airmass锋（锋面）front天气weather气象meteorology气候climate气候区划climaticregi

4、onalization气候带climaticzone气候变化climaticchange小气候microclimate热带tropiczone副热带（亚热带）subtropiczone比湿specifichumidity风wind风向winddirection风速windspeed蒲福风级Beaufortwindscale露dew露点dewpoint雾fog霜frost霜点frostpoint初霜firstfrost终霜latestfrost霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－freeperiod流域watershed(basin)流域面积（集水面积

5、）drainagearea闭合流域enclosedbasin不闭合流域non－enclosedbasin闭流区（内流区）blingdrainagearea分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征basincharacteristics流域几何特征basingeometriccharacteristics河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennialstream间歇河intermittentstream悬河（地上河）elevatedstream夺流河（断头河）capturedriver盈水河gainingstream亏水河losingstre

6、am暴洪河流flashystream地下暗河（地下河）undergroundriver界河boundaryriver国际河流internationalriver废河道（古河道）deadriver岸bank左岸leftbank右岸rightbank凹岸concavebank凸岸convexbank岸壁landwall水边线（岸线）waterline堤防levee河长riverlength河弯riverbend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigablechannel河段reach上游upstream潜洲submergedbar深潭deeppool水利学

7、hydraulics明渠水力学openchannelhydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流openchannelflow恒定流steadyflow非恒定流unsteadyflow均匀流（等速流）uniformflow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniformflow急流supercriticalflow缓流subcriticalflow异重流densitycurrent临界流criticalflow临界水深criticaldepth临界流速criticalvelocity临界流量criticaldis

8、charge水头head位置水头（位能）elevationhead低强水头（压能