proofs and algorithms - an introduction to logic and computability (springer, 2011)

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1、UndergraduateTopicsinComputerScienceUndergraduateTopicsinComputerScience(UTiCS)delivershigh-qualityinstructionalcontentforun-dergraduatesstudyinginallareasofcomputingandinformationscience.Fromcorefoundationalandtheoreticalmaterialtofinal-yeartopicsandapplications,UTiCSbookstakeafresh,concise,andmod-e

2、rnapproachandareidealforself-studyorforaone-ortwo-semestercourse.Thetextsareallauthoredbyestablishedexpertsintheirfields,reviewedbyaninternationaladvisoryboard,andcontainnumer-ousexamplesandproblems.Manyincludefullyworkedsolutions.Forfurthervolumes:www.springer.com/series/7592GillesDowekProofsandAlgo

3、rithmsAnIntroductiontoLogicandComputabilityGillesDowekÉcolePolytechniquePalaiseauFrancegilles.dowek@polytechnique.eduSerieseditorIanMackieAdvisoryboardSamsonAbramsky,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UKChrisHankin,ImperialCollegeLondon,London,UKDexterKozen,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,USAAndrewPitts,Universityo

4、fCambridge,Cambridge,UKHanneRiisNielson,TechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Lungby,DenmarkStevenSkiena,StonyBrookUniversity,StonyBrooks,USAIainStewart,UniversityofDurham,Durham,UKBasedoncoursenotesbyGillesDowek,publishedsimultaneouslyinFrenchbyÉcolePoly-techniquewiththefollowingtitle:“Lesdémonstrationsetle

5、salgorithmes”.ThetranslatoroftheworkisMaribelFernandez.ISSN1863-7310ISBN978-0-85729-120-2e-ISBN978-0-85729-121-9DOI10.1007/978-0-85729-121-9SpringerLondonDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary©Springer-VerlagLon

6、donLimited2011Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,asper-mittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,thispublicationmayonlybereproduced,storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withthepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublish-ers,orinthecaseofreprographi

7、creproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicensesissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethosetermsshouldbesenttothepublishers.Theuseofregisterednames,trademarks,etc.,i