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1、ANewContinuous-TimeSchedulingFormulationforContinuousPlantsunderVariableElectricityCost*,†,◊‡◊PedroM.Castro,,IiroHarjunkoskiandIgnacioE.Grossmann†DepartamentodeModelaçãoeSimulaçãodeProcessos,InstitutoNacionaldeEngenharia,TecnologiaeInovação,1649-038Lisboa,Portugal‡ABBCorpor
2、ateResearchCenter,WallstadterStr.59,68526Ladenburg,Germany,◊DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania15213.AbstractThisworkaddressestheschedulingofcontinuousplantssubjecttoenergyconstraintsrelatedtotime-dependentelectricitypricingandav
3、ailability.Discreteandcontinuous-timeformulationsarepresentedthatcanaddresstheseissuestogetherwithmultipleintermediateduedates.Bothformulationsrelyontheresource-tasknetworkprocessrepresentation.Theircomputationallyperformanceiscomparedfortheobjectiveoftotalelectricityminimi
4、zationwiththeresultsfavoringthediscrete-timemodelduetothemorenaturalwayofhandlingsuchawidevarietyofdiscreteevents.Inparticular,itcansuccessfullyhandleproblemsofindustrialsize.Nevertheless,thenewcontinuous-timemodelisamajorbreakthroughsinceitisthefirstmodelofitstypethatisabl
5、etoeffectivelyincorporatetime-variableutilityprofiles.Whencomparedtoasimplemanualschedulingprocedure,theproposedschedulingapproachescanleadtopotentialelectricitysavingsaround20%byswitchingproductionfromperiodsofhightolowelectricitycost.*Towhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed
6、.Tel.:+351-210924643.Fax:+351-217167016.E-mail:pedro.castro@ineti.pt.11.MotivationEnterprisesarecurrentlyunderpressuretoproduceatthelowestpossiblecostwithincontinuously1changingeconomicconstraints.Toachievethisgoal,theymustactivelylookatthebestoperatingpracticesandoptimizet
7、hesebothgloballyandlocally.Withinthisoverallgoal,schedulingplaysanimportantpart.Thisworkismotivatedbyarealindustrialproblemthatwecannotdiscloseforconfidentialityreasons.Itinvolvesthefinalstageofamultiproductplantwithelectricityintensiveparallelequipmentunits,wherescheduling
8、involvesdecidingwheneachunithastoproduceacertainproduct.Mostofthetimes,thisismadem
