资源描述：
《genetic code and its variants》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、GeneticCodeandSecondaryarticleitsVariantsArticleContents.IntroductionKimitsunaWatanabe,UniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan.TheUniversalGeneticCodeanditsPropertiesTsutomuSuzuki,UniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan.AlternativeCodes.Missense,Nonsense,andFrameshiftMutationsandTheirConsequencesTheunive
2、rsalgeneticcodeisacommonlanguageforalmostallorganismstotranslate.RNAEditingnucleotidesequencesofDNAandRNAtoaminoacidsequencesofproteins.Some.PosttranscriptionalModificationsorganismsandorganellesusevariantsoftheuniversalgeneticcode.Introductionwhichthegeneticcodeanditsvariantsaremaint
3、ainedinorganismsaredescribed.Thegeneticcodegovernstherelationshipbetweenthe20aminoacidsprincipallyinvolvedinthesynthesisofproteinsinpresent-dayorganismsandall64possiblearrangementsofthefourribonucleotides,adenosine(A),guanine(G),uracil(U)andcytosine(C),intheformofTheUniversalGeneticCo
4、deanditstriplets(codons).AlmostallextantorganismsonearthusePropertiesa‘universal’geneticcodeinwhich61tripletsequencescorrespondtoparticularaminoacidsandtheremainingIntheuniversalgeneticcode,whichwasestablishedin1966threeareterminationcodons.However,anumberof(Table1),eachof61codonsisas
5、signedtoaspecificaminoorganismsaswellasmitochondriause‘nonuniversal’acidandtheremainingthreeareterminationcodons.Ascodesinwhichcertaincodontripletsdeviatefromthoseofthenumberofaminoacidsis20,morethanonecodoncantheuniversalcode.Inthisarticle,themolecularbasesbycodeforthesameaminoacid,i.
6、e.thecodeisdegenerate.Insuchcodons,whicharecalled‘synonymous’,onlythethirdTable1Universal(U)andanimalmitochondrial(M)geneticcodetablesUMUMUMUMUUUUCUUAUUGUPhePheTyrTyrCysCysUUCUCCUACUGCSerSerUUAUCAUAAUGAStopLeuLeuStopStopTrpUUGUCGUAGUUGTrpCUUCCUCAUCGUHisHisCUCCCCCACCGCLeuLeuProProArgAr
7、gCUACCACAACGAGlnGlnCUGCCGCAGCGGAUUACUAAUAGUIleAsnAsnSerSerAUCIleACCAACAGCThrThrAUAMetaACAAAAAGALysLysbArgStopcAUGMetACGAAGAGGGUUGCUGAUGGUAspAspGUCGCCGACGGCValValAlaAlaGlyGlyGUAGCAGAAGGAGluGluGUGGCGGAGGGGaAUAisIleinechinodermsandplatyhelminths.bAAAisAsninechinodermsandplatyhelminths.cA
8、GA/AG
