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1、AlexanderK.Hartmann,HeikoRiegerOptimizationAlgorithmsinPhysicsAlexanderK.Hartmann,HeikoRiegerOptimizationAlgorithmsinPhysicsAuthors:AlexanderK.Hartmann,InstituteofTheoreticalPhysics,UniversityofGoettingen,Germanye-mail:hartmann@theorie.physik.uni-goettingen.deHeiko
2、Rieger,InstituteofTheoreticalPhysics,SaarlandUniversity,Germanye-mail:rieger@lusi.uni-sb.deThisbookwascarefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authorsandpublisherdonotwarranttheinformationcon-tainedthereintobefreeoferrors.Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthatstatements,data,illu
3、strations,proceduraldetailsorotheritemsmayinadvertentlybeinaccurate.1steditionLibraryofCongressCardNo:appliedforBritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData:AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.DieDeutscheBibliothek–CIPCataloguing-in-Publicat
4、ion-DataAcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromDieDeutscheBibliothek©Wiley-VCHVerlagBerlinGmbH,Berlin(FederalRepublicofGermany),2002ISBN3-527-40307-8Printedonnon-acidpaper.Printing:StraussOffsetdruckGmbH,MörlenbachBookbinding:WilhelmOsswald&Co.,Neustadt(W
5、einstraße)PrintedintheFederalRepublicofGermany.WILEY-VCHVerlagBerlinGmbHBühringstrasse10D-13086BerlinPrefaceThisbookisaninterdisciplinarybook:ittriestoteachphysiciststhebasicknowledgeofcombinatorialandstochasticoptimizationanddescribestothecomputerscientistsphysica
6、lproblemsandtheoreticalmodelsinwhichtheiroptimizationalgorithmsareneeded.Itisauniquebooksinceitdescribestheoreticalmodelsandpracticalsituationinphysicsinwhichoptimizationproblemsoccur,anditexplainsfromaphysicistspointofviewthesophisticatedandhighlyefficientalgorith
7、mictechniquesthatotherwisecanonlybefoundspecializedcomputersciencetextbooksorevenjustinresearchjournals.Traditionally,therehasalwaysbeenastrongscientificinteractionbetweenphysicistsandmathematiciansindevelopingphysicstheories.However,eventhoughnumericalcomputations
8、arenowcommonplaceinphysics,nocomparableinteractionbetweenphysicistsandcomputerscientistshasbeendeveloped.Overthelastthreedecadesthedesignandthean
