topics in modern quantum optics - b. skagerstam

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1、TopicsinModernQuantumOpticsLecturespresentedatThe17thSymposiumonTheoreticalPhysics-APPLIEDFIELDTHEORY,SeoulNationalUniversity,Seoul,Korea,1998.Bo-StureSkagerstam1DepartmentofPhysics,TheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology,N-7491Trondheim,NorwayAbstractRecentexperimentaldevelopm

2、entsinelectronicandopticaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibletoexperimentallyrealizeinspaceandtimewelllocalizedsinglephotonquantum-mechanicalstates.Intheselectureswewillrstremindourselvesaboutsomebasicquan-tummechanicsandthendiscussinwhatsensequantum-mechanicalsingle-photoninter-ferenceha

3、sbeenobservedexperimentally.Arelativisticquantum-mechanicaldescriptionofsingle-photonstateswillthenbeoutlined.Withinsuchasingle-photonschemeaderiva-tionoftheBerry-phaseforphotonswillgiven.Inthesecondsetoflectureswewilldiscussthehighlyidealizedsystemofasingletwo-levelatominteractingw

4、ithasingle-modeofthesecondquantizedelectro-magneticeldase.g.realizedintermsofthemicromasersystem.Thissystempossessesavarietyofdynamicalphasetransitionsparameterizedbythe uxofatomsandthetime-of- ightoftheatomwithinthecavityaswellasotherparametersofthesystem.Thesephasesmayberevealedt

5、oanobserveroutsidethecavityusingthearXiv:quant-ph/9909086v26Nov1999long-timecorrelationlengthintheatomicbeam.Itisexplainedthatsomeofthephasetransitionsarenotre ectedintheaverageexcitationleveloftheoutgoingatom,whichisoneofthecommonlyusedobservable.Thecorrelationlengthisdirectlyrelat

6、edtotheleadingeigenvalueofacertainprobabilityconservingtime-evolutionoperator,whichonecanstudyinordertoelucidatethephasestructure.Itisfoundthatasafunctionofthetime-of- ightthetransitionfromthethermaltothemaserphaseischaracterizedbyasharppeakinthecorrelationlength.Forlongertimes-of-

7、ightthereisatransitiontoaphasewherethecorrelationlengthgrowsexponentiallywiththeatomic ux.Finally,wepresentadetailednumericalandanalyticaltreatmentofthedierentphasesanddiscussthephysicsbehindthemintermsofthephysicalparametersathand.1email:boskag@phys.ntnu.no.Researchsupportedinpart

8、bytheResearchCounci