the fundamentals of stellar astrophysics - collins g. w.

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1、TheFundamentalsofStellarAstrophysicsGeorgeW.Collins,IICopyright2003:Allsectionsofthisbookmaybereproducedaslongasproperattributionisgiven.Contents...PagePrefacetotheInternetEditionxivPrefacetotheW.H.FreemanEditionxvPartIStellarInteriorsChapter1IntroductionandFundamentalPrin

2、ciples31.1Stationaryor“Steady”Propertiesofmatter5aPhaseSpaceandPhaseDensity5bMacrostatesandMicrostates.6cProbabilityandStatisticalEquilibrium6dQuantumStatistics9eStatisticalEquilibriumforaGas11fThermodynamicEquilibrium–StrictandLocal151.2TransportPhenomena15a.BoltzmannTrans

3、portEquation15b.HomogeneousBoltzmannTransportEquationandLiouville’sTheorem17c.MomentsoftheBoltzmannTransportEquationandConservationLaws181.3EquationofStatefortheIdealGasandDegenerateMatter26Problems32ReferencesandSupplementalReading33iiChapter2BasicAssumptions,Theorems,andP

4、olytropes342.1BasicAssumptions342.2IntegralTheoremsfromHydrostaticEquilibrium36aLimitsofStateVariables36*bβTheoremandEffectsofRadiationPressure382.3HomologyTransformations402.4Polytropes42aPolytropicChangeandtheLane-EmdenEquation43bMass-RadiusRelationshipforPolytropes46cHom

5、ologyInvariants47dIsothermalSphere49eFittingPolytropesTogether51Problems53ReferencesandSupplementalReading54Chapter3SourcesandSinksofEnergy563.1"Energies"ofStars57aGravitationalEnergy57bRotationalEnergy59cNuclearEnergy603.2TimeScales61aDynamicalTimeScale61bKelvin-Helmholtz(

6、Thermal)TimeScale62cNuclear(Evolutionary)TimeScale633.3GenerationofNuclearEnergy64aGeneralPropertiesoftheNucleus65bTheBohrPictureofNuclearReactions66cNuclearReactionCrossSections68dNuclearReactionRates70eSpecificNuclearReactions72Problems75ReferencesandSupplementalReading75

7、iiiChapter4FlowofEnergythroughtheStarandConstructionofStellarModels774.1TheIonization,Abundances,andOpacityofStellarMaterial78aIonizationandtheMeanMolecularWeight78bOpacity804.2RadiativeTransportandtheRadiativeTemperatureGradient86aRadiativeEquilibrium86bThermodynamicEquili

8、briumandNetFlux86cPhotonTransportandtheRadiativeGradient87dConservationofEnergyand