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1、Wireropeisatypeofropewhichconsistsofseveralstrandsofmetalwirelaid(or'twisted')intoahelix.Initiallywroughtironwireswereused,buttodaysteelisthemainmaterialusedforwireropes.Historicallywireropeevolvedfromsteelchainswhichhadarecordofmechanicalfailure.Whileflawsinchainlinksorsolidsteelbarsca
2、nleadtocatastrophicfailure,flawsinthewiresmakingupasteelcablearelesscriticalastheotherwireseasilytakeuptheload.Frictionbetweentheindividualwiresandstrands,asaconsequenceoftheirtwist,furthercompensatesforanyflaws.ThismethodofminimisingtheeffectofflawsmayalsobeseeninDamascussteel,employin
3、gmultiplefoldingorlaminations.HistoryandmaterialsModernwireropewasinventedbytheGermanminingengineerWilhelmAlbertintheyearsbetween1831and1834foruseinminingintheHarzMountainsinClausthal,LowerSaxony,Germany.Itwasquicklyacceptedbecauseitprovedsuperiortoropesmadeofhemportometalchains,suchash
4、adbeenusedbefore.WilhelmAlbert'sfirstropesconsistedofwirestwistedaboutahempropecore,sixsuchstrandsthenbeingtwistedaroundanotherhempropecoreinalternatingdirectionsforextrastability.Earlierformsofwireropehadbeenmadebycoveringabundleofwireswithhemp.InAmericawireropewaslatermanufacturedbyJo
5、hnA.Roebling,formingthebasisforhissuccessinsuspensionbridgebuilding.Roeblingintroducedanumberofinnovationsinthedesign,materialsandmanufactureofwirerope.Manufacturingawireropeissimilartomakingonefromnaturalfibres.Theindividualwiresarefirsttwistedintoastrand,thensixorsosuchstrandsagaintwi
6、stedaroundacore.Thiscoremayconsistofsteel,butalsoofnaturalfibressuchassisal,manila,henequen,jute,orhemp.Thisisusedtocushionoffstressforceswhenbendingtherope.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyvitalinropesusedinmachinerysuchascranesorelevatorsaswellasropesusedintransportationmodessuchascableca
7、rs,cablerailways,funicularsandaeriallifts.Itisnotquitesoessentialinsuspensionbridgesandsimilaruses.Wireropeisoftensoldwithvinylandnyloncoatings.Thisincreasesweatherresistanceandoveralldurability,howeveritcanleadtoweakjointsifthecoatingisnotremovedcorrectlyunderneathjointsandcon
