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1、TheNatureofDesignTHENATUREofDESIGNEcology,Culture,andHumanIntentionDavidW.Orr120023OxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiSingaporeTaipeiTokyoTorontoandanassociated
2、companyinBerlinCopyright©2002byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,i
3、nanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataOrr,DavidW.,1944–.Thenatureofdesign:ecology,culture,andhumanintention/byDavidW.Orr.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalrefere
4、nces(p.).ISBN0-19-514855-X1.Nature—Effectofhumanbeingson.2.Humanecology—Moralandethicalaspects.3.Environmentalresponsibility.4.Globalenvironmentalchange.I.Title.GF75.O772002304.2'8—dc212001036413WegratefullyacknowledgepermissionfromBlackwellScience,Ltd.,toreprintinthisbook,insomewhataltere
5、dform,materialfromthefollowingarticlesbyDavidW.OrrthatwereoriginallypublishedinConservationBiology:“Technologi-calFundamentalism”(8:2,June1994);“TwineintheBaler”(8:4,December1994);“ConservatismandConservation”(9:2,April1995);“NoneSoBlind”(9:5,October1995);“SlowKnowledge”(10:3,June1996);“Ar
6、chitectureasPedagogyII”(11:3,June1997);“Speed”(12:1,February1998);“TheLimitsofNatureandtheNatureofLimits”(12:4;August1998);“TheArchitectureofScience”(13:2,April1999);“Verbicide”(13:4,August1999);“Education,Careers,Callings”(13:6,December1999);“2020:AProposal”(14:2,April2000);“Ideasclerosis
7、I”(14:4,August2000);IdeasclerosisII”(14:6,December2000).987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonrecycled,acid-freepaperForWilAcknowledgmentsForthepastsixyears,ecologicaldesignhasbeenmorethananab-stractionforme.Theessaysthatfolloworiginatedinphysicalandinte