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1、摘要电能由于它便于长距离输送和分配,又容易转化为机械能、热能,加之它又是信息的最重要载体,因而从它一经得到工业规模的生产,就由最初用于电照明、电报,迅速扩展到电镀、电动力以至整个工业生产的各部门。进入20世纪以来,它又一步一步进入人类生活的各个方面,成为人类社会的生产和生活中最重要的能源。这种生产和生活的全方位的需求,成为促进电力工业发展的最强大推动力。电力工业的规模从最初几千瓦、几十千瓦的发电厂发展到今天几百万千瓦的电站,以至装机容量达几亿千瓦的大型电力系统。从20世纪30年代后期到80年代后期的
2、50年间,世界电力工业提供的发电量增加了240倍, 远远超过其他任何工业部门的发展速度。本文首先介绍了电工的相关概念,接着介绍了电力工业的兴起、电力系统的发展,随后介绍了现代电力工业的特点。第三章中,笔者着重介绍了20世纪下半叶电工发展的新技术。第四章则从五个创新领域介绍了21世纪上半叶电工发展史中的创新思维。希望通过本文,使更多人了解在电工发展史中,思维的火花所带来的革新。关键词:电工;发展史;创新技术;创新思维AbstractBecauseofitseaseoflong-distanceelec
3、tricitytransmissionanddistribution,andeasilyconvertedintomechanicalenergy,thermalenergy,coupledwithitisthemostimportantcarrierofinformation,therefore,onceobtainedfromitsindustrial-scaleproduction,itwasoriginallyusedbyelectriclighting,thetelegraph,thera
4、pidexpansionvariousdepartmentstoelectroplating,electricpowerandtheentireindustrialproduction.Sincethe20thcentury,itstepbystepintothevariousaspectsofhumanlife,humansocietyhasbecomethemostimportantproductionandlifeenergy.Fullrangeofneedssuchproductionand
5、life,becomethemostpowerfuldrivingforcetopromotethedevelopmentoftheelectricpowerindustry.Thesizeoftheelectricpowerindustryfromthefirstfewkilowattstotensofkilowattsofpowerplantdevelopmenttoday,millionsofkilowattsofpowerplants,aswellashundredsofmillionsof
6、kilowattsofinstalledcapacityoflargepowersystems.Fromthelate1930sto50yearsbetweenthelate1980s,theamountofpowerprovidedbytheelectricpowerindustryintheworldincreasedby240times,farmorethanthegrowthrateinanyotherindustrialsector.Thispaperintroducestheconcep
7、tselectrician,andthenintroducestherise,developmentofpowerindustryofthepowersystem,andthenintroducesthecharacteristicsofmodernpowerindustry.Thethirdchapter,theauthorfocusesonthenewtechnologyunderthe20thcenturydevelopmentofelectrician.Thefourthchapterdes
8、cribesthefieldfromfiveinnovativedevelopmentofthesecondhalfofthe21stcenturyelectricianhistoryofinnovativethinking.Ihopethisarticlesothatmorepeopleunderstandthehistoryofthedevelopmentofelectricalsparksthinkingbroughtaboutbyinnovation.Keyw