the effects of fire an fire management on cultural …

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1、ABURNINGQUESTION:THEEFFECTSOFFIREANDFIREMANAGEMENTONCULTURALRESOURCESRichardD.ShultzixSignaturePage.ixCopyrightPage.ixAuthorizationforReproductionpage.ixAcknowledgementsPage.ixixCONTENTSChapter1–Introduction1RegulatoryContext1ProjectAreaLocationandDescription1Pro

2、jectScopeandAgreement3MethodsandProjectPersonnel3Methods3ProjectPersonnel4Chapter2–ProjectSetting5NaturalSetting5PhysiographicZones5FaultZone5InvernessRidge5RollingHills8PointReyesPromontory9EstuariesandBeaches9Climate9PaleoclimaticChange9BioticEnvironment11Fault

3、Zone13RoleofFire13InvernessRidge13RoleofFire14RollingHills14RoleofFire15EstuariesandBeaches15RoleofFire16FireIntervalsforBioticZones16Chapter3–CulturalContexts19PrehistoricContext19ResearchIssues19ArchaeologicalWorkinthePRNS20EthnographicContext24HistoricalContex

4、t26TypesofResourcesExpectedWithinthePRNS31FaultZone31InvernessRidge31RollingHills31PointReyesPromontory32EstuariesandBeaches32PastUseofFireinCaliforniaandthePRNS32NativeAmericanBurningPractices32Historic-periodFireUse37Chapter4–FireandFireBehavior43ixBasicFireCon

5、cepts43Chapter5–EffectsofFireandFireManagement46Direct,Operational,andIndirectEffects46DirectEffects.46FlakedStone46Groundstone48Glass49Metal49Historic-eraCeramics51Cement,Brick,andCinderBlock51RubberandPlastic51RockArtandSpiritualResources51Shell52Bone53Pollenan

6、dArchaeobotanicalRemains54OrganicResidues54WoodenFeaturesandArtifacts55Vegetation55PackratMiddens56FibersandHides56Leather56OperationalEffects56Staging57FireLines58IgnitionTechniques58FireRetardants59Mop-upandRehabilitation60IndirectEffects61Looting61IncreasedSur

7、faceRunoffandErosion62IncreasedTreeMortality62IncreasedBurrowingRodentandInsectPopulations63IncreasedMicrobialPopulations63CarbonContamination63Chapter6–FieldObservations65Chapter7–Recommendations66GeneralRecommendations66MitigationMeasuresforWildfire68Mitigation

8、MeasuresforPrescribedFire69FuelReduction69SurfaceCollection70MitigationMeasuresforManualandMechanicalThinning72TreatingCulturalLandscapes72HandClearingResource