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1、AFreeMan'sWorshipbyBertrandRussell Abriefintroduction:"AFreeMan'sWorship"(firstpublishedas"TheFreeMan'sWorship"inDec.1903)isperhapsBertrandRussell'sbestknownandmostreprintedessay.Itsmoodandlanguagehaveoftenbeenexplained,evenbyRussellhimself,asreflectingaparticulartimeinhisl
2、ife;"itdepend(s),"hewrotein1929,"uponametaphysicwhichismoreplatonicthanthatwhichInowbelievein."YettheessaysoundsmanycharacteristicRussellianthemesandpreoccupationsanddeservesconsideration--andfurtherseriousstudy--asanhistoricallandmarkofearly-twentieth-centuryEuropeanthought.
3、Forascholarlyeditionwithsomedocumentation,seeVolume12ofTheCollectedPapersofBertrandRussell,entitledContemplationandAction,1902-14(London,1985;nowpublishedbyRoutledge).ToDr.FaustusinhisstudyMephistophelestoldthehistoryoftheCreation,saying:"Theendlesspraisesofthechoirsofangelsh
4、adbeguntogrowwearisome;for,afterall,didhenotdeservetheirpraise?Hadhenotgiventhemendlessjoy?Woulditnotbemoreamusingtoobtainundeservedpraise,tobeworshippedbybeingswhomhetortured?Hesmiledinwardly,andresolvedthatthegreatdramashouldbeperformed."Forcountlessagesthehotnebulawhirleda
5、imlesslythroughspace.Atlengthitbegantotakeshape,thecentralmassthrewoffplanets,theplanetscooled,boilingseasandburningmountainsheavedandtossed,fromblackmassesofcloudhotsheetsofraindelugedthebarelysolidcrust.Andnowthefirstgermoflifegrewinthedepthsoftheocean,anddevelopedrapidlyin
6、thefructifyingwarmthintovastforesttrees,hugefernsspringingfromthedampmould,seamonstersbreeding,fighting,devouring,andpassingaway.Andfromthemonsters,astheplayunfoldeditself,Manwasborn,withthepowerofthought,theknowledgeofgoodandevil,andthecruelthirstforworship.AndMansawthatalli
7、spassinginthismad,monstrousworld,thatallisstrugglingtosnatch,atanycost,afewbriefmomentsoflifebeforeDeath'sinexorabledecree.AndMansaid:'Thereisahiddenpurpose,couldwebutfathomit,andthepurposeisgood;forwemustreverencesomething,andinthevisibleworldthereisnothingworthyofreverence.
8、'AndManstoodasidefromthestruggle,resolvingthatGodintendedharmonytoco
