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1、外文原文IntroductiontoSQLServerBySamuelRelationaldatabaseshavebeenaroundfor30years,buttheywerenottheoriginalkindofdatabase,noraretheythenewestkindofdatabase.XMLandobject-orienteddatastructureshaveevolvedinrecentyears.Butrelationaldatabasesarestillbyfarthemostpopularkindofdatabaseavailableand
2、willbeforsometimetocome.SQListheabbreviationofStructuredQueryLanguageanditisforrelationaldatabases,asthetitleindicatesthisisonlyforfresherwhohasjuststartedthecarrierorwhoiswaitingtoopenupthecarrierintheapplicationprogrammingside.Butthatdoesnotmeanthisarticleisatutorialforafresherwhodoesn
3、otknowanythingaboutSQL.ThisarticleismeantforwhoalreadyhavealittleknowledgeinSQLandwanttoimproveit.WhatDoesSQLDo?First,SQListhepremiertoolforviewinginformationfromarelationaldatabase.Itdoesn’tjustgiveyouadatadump.SQLgivesyousophisticatedtoolstosummarize,consolidate,andcalculatefromthedata
4、.Usingtablerelationships,datacanbecombinedfrommultipletablesinanumberofways.Withaproperlydesigneddatabase,SQLcananswerpracticallyanyquestionaboutthedata.Second,SQLprovidescommandstomanipulatethedatainarelationaldatabase.Recordscanbeupdatedandaddedtoordeletedfromatable.HereisSQLasadatabas
5、elanguagereallyshines.Proceduralprogramminglanguages,suchasBASIC,mightrequireseverallinesofcodetoupdatearecordinadatabasetable.Inaddition,proceduralprogramminglanguageswouldhavetousesomesortofloopingstructuretorepeatthisprocessoneveryrecord.SQLoperatesonanentiresetofrecordsallatthesameti
6、me.SQLislikehaikuforprogrammers;oftenadozenwordsorfewercandeleteorchangethousandsofrecords.Finally,SQLisacompletedatadefinitionlanguage(DDL).Thedatabaseitselfcanbecreatedalongwithalltables,fields,primarykeys,andrelationships.Addtothattherecordinsertcommands,andyoucanhaveacompletedatabase
7、andallitsdataexpressedinprogrammingcode.Thisgreatlyenhancesadatabaseprogrammer’sabilitytoworkremotelyortoportdataenhancementsamongvariousinstallations.TheprerequisiteforlearningSQLisknowledgeinDiscreteMathematics(SetTheory,RelationsandFunctions).Althoughitisnotnecessaryto
