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1、摘要本文首先介绍了起重机的概念和分类,以及在国内外的发展概况。接着对桥式起重机的特点、分类以及构造进行了详细的叙述。并且对所设计的起升机构进行了三维建模和有限元分析。其中,本次设计的起重机为50t/20t双梁桥式起重机,主要用于各车间分段生产线和钢材堆场等处。桥式起重机本身作横向移动,车架上的绞车作纵向移动,吊在绞车上的吊钩作垂向移动,三个方向的运动的合成才能使起重机起作用。本课题主要对50t/20t双梁桥式起重机的主起升机构、副起升机构、主起升机构卷筒组及滑轮组、副起升机构卷筒组及滑轮组、卷筒、滑轮、轴等进行设计。设计过程中查阅了大量的国内外
2、的相关资料,所做的设计运用了大量的专业课程知识。通过确定传动方案,选择滑轮组和吊钩组,选择合适的钢丝绳,计算滑轮的主要尺寸,确定卷筒尺寸并验算其强度,选择合适的电动机、减速器、制动器和连轴器,使得起重设备运行平稳,定位准确,安全可靠,性能稳定。关键字:桥式起重机;减速器;制动器;联轴器;卷筒AbstractThispaperfirstlyintroducestheconceptandclassificationofthecrane,aswellasthedevelopmentsathomeandabroad.Thenthecrane’schar
3、acteristics,classificationandstructureareanalyzedindetail.Andthedesignofthehoistingmechanismhas3Dmodelingandfiniteelementanalysis.Amongthem,thedesignofthecraneisthe50t/20tdoublebeambridgecrane,mainlyusedintheworkshopsectionproductionlineandsteelyard.Bridgecraneitselfisusedto
4、dolateralmovement;winchframeisusedtodolongitudinalmovement,thehookwhichhanginginthewinchisusedtodoverticalmovement,themovementinthreedirectionsmakesthecranefunctionwell.Themaintopicofthe50t/20tdoublegirderoverheadtravelingcraneisthemainliftingmechanism,auxiliaryliftingmechan
5、ism,themainliftingmechanismfordrumgroupandapulleyblock,auxiliaryliftingmechanismofreelgroupandpulley,pulleyshaft,drum,andotherdesign.Theprocessofthedesignwasaccessedtoalargenumberofdomesticandinternationalrelevantinformation;thedesignusedalargenumberofprofessionalcourses.Fir
6、stly,bydeterminingthetransmissionscheme,selectingthepulleyandhookgroup,choosingtherightwireropepulley,calculatingthemaindimensions,determiningthereelsizeandcheckingitsstrength,choosingtheappropriatemotor,reducer,brakeandshaftcoupling.Allusedtoachievetheliftingequipmentrunnin
7、gsmoothly,locatingaccurately,safetyandreliability,technicalperformanceandstability.Keywords:Crane;Reducer;Brakes;Coupling;Reel目录1绪论11.1选题意义11.1.1起重机的概述11.1.2起重机的国内外发展状况21.2设计内容31.3设计参数31.4设计目的31.5设计要求32设计方法与实施方案52.1起重机结构介绍52.2起升结构52.3运行机构52.4传动方案的确定63主起升机构设计83.1滑轮组的选取83.2钢丝绳
8、的选取93.3确定滑轮主要尺寸103.4卷筒的选取113.5电动机的选取123.6算电动机的发热条件133.7标准减速器的选取133.8起升速度和实际