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1、几种典型的作文开头引述方法Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫）[1]Itiswidely(commonly)accepted(hold)+THAT[2]Awidelyaccepted(commonly)holdidea(pointofview,viewpoint,opinion,assumption)is+THAT/NP[3]A/Thedominant(prevalent,prevailing)idea(see[2])isNP/toDO[4]Itistakenforgranted+THAT(or:Weoften/frequentlytakeitforgrant
2、edTHAT)[5]People(Themajority)seemtogetaccustomedtotheidea(see[2]),withoutquestioning,THAT[6]PeoplearewillingtoregardNP1asNP2/ADJ[7]PeoplearewillingtoDO,whilereluctanttoDO Type2提出异议[1]However(But),…[2]Suchidea(see[1-2]),ifnotentirelyADJ1,issomewhatADJ2andneedscarefulconsideration.ADJI=un
3、reasonable,unacceptable,inappropriate,improper,undesirable,etc;ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul,etc[3]Infact(Asamatteroffact),…(follow[2])[4]However,itisnot(quite,necessarily)thecase.[5]This(It)isnot(quite,necessarily)thecaseandneedstobofrutherconsidered/discussed.(or:furtherconsideration/discu
4、ssion) Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折[1]Thereasonliesinseveralaspects,[2]Thereasonwhy+clause+[1,underlined][3]Thereareseveralremarkablereasons.[4]层进inaddition,besides,fruthermore,what’smore,ontheotherhand,meanwhile,foronething…foranother;finally,aboveall,inshort.[5]举例forexample,forinstance
5、,such(generalterm)as(specificterms),atypical(striking)exampleisthat,acaseinpoint[6]转折however,but,nevertheless,onthecontrary[7]条件if,providedthat,unless,aslongas,etc Type4就…而言；关于[1]asfaras…is/areconcemed:Asfarascurrentsituationisconcerned[2]asttheproblemastoNP有关…的问题 Type5问题[1]Althoughmuch
6、efforthasbeenmade,thesituationisfarfromsatisfactory(or:theproblemremainsunsolved,littleimprovementhasbeenachieved)[2]Thereisatendency,asrecentstudy(investigation)haspointedout(shown,revealed,indicated),+THAT[3]Thereisgrowingconcernabout+NP[4]Itwillinevitably(islikelyto)resultin(leadto)u
7、nwanted(serious)consequence(orNP)[5]Unfortunately,…[6]Wewillnotbeabletoaffordtheriskofoverlookingtheseriousnessofthematter.[7]Theprocess,onceinitiated,ismostlikelyirreversible.[8]Weareconstantly(frequently)facedwithNP TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视[1]NP1isofgreatimportance(necessity,value
