高速公路长安隧洞身开挖、支护方案学士学位论文.doc

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1、申嘉湖高速公路湖州鹿山至安吉孝源段第3合同段长安隧道洞身开挖、支护方案中交第三航务工程局有限公司项目经理部二0一六年五月49目录一、开挖················································31、台阶法开挖·····················································32、注意事项·······················································43、全断面开挖·········································

2、············94、仰拱开挖························································125、中心水沟·······················································166、超欠挖处理·····················································20二、超前支护············································20491、超前小导管·························

3、·····························202、φ25超前全长粘结型锚杆········································22三、初期支护············································221、钢架···························································222、钢筋网·························································233、钢筋网铺设·············

4、·········································264、锚杆施工·······················································265、喷射混凝土施工·················································316、超前地质预报···················································3449四、安全、质量措施······································391、爆破作业安全措施

5、及应急办法·····································392、爆破施工应急措施···············································403、爆破安全技术····················································404、炮烟及盲炮的预防················································415、工程质量检查验收程序···········································426、质量保证

6、体系···················································437、安全保证体系····················································47洞身开挖、支护方案申嘉湖高速公路第3合同段长安隧道所处地层地质复杂，表层断续覆盖第四系残坡积（Qcl+dl49）碎石孔隙潜水含水层，厚度小，且多处于地下水常水位以上，降雨时充水，雨后排泄，总体水量贫乏，根据围岩级别和设计要求并结合现场实际地质情况，采用相应的开挖方法：洞口段采用台阶法预留核心土开挖、Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩一般地段采用台阶法开挖、Ⅲ级

7、围岩地段采用全断面法开挖。一、开挖1、台阶法开挖施工原则：⑴、避免对原地层扰动。⑵、台阶推进，机械配合人工开挖，必要时采用弱爆破。⑶、开挖化大为小，支护宁强勿弱。⑷、轮廓稍大勿小，及早封闭成环。⑸、稳扎稳打，岩变我变。洞身开挖采用台阶法预留核心土开挖施工，在隧道开挖过程中，在三个台阶上分七个开挖面，以前后七个不同的位置相互错开同时开挖，然后分部同时支护，形成支护整体，缩短作业循环时间，逐步向纵深推进，形成开挖及初期支护，仰拱紧跟下台阶及时施作构成稳固的初期支护体系。具体施工工序如图1所示。①、第1步施工拱部打设超前支护后，预留核心土短台阶