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1、2012年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解原文不丹:幸福胜过财富1)Bhutan-WhereHappiness2)OutranksWealthWhatishappines really?Inconventionaldevelopmenttheory,itequalsmoneyandprosperity,asmeasuredby3)GNP(GrossNationalProduct).ButBhutan,thefamouslyremoteandbeautifulBuddhistkingdomintheHimalayahasbeentryingoutadifferentconcept.4)Espou
2、sedbythecountry’sking,JigmeSingyeWangchuck,itsgovernmenthasbeenusingastandardcalledGNH,orGrossNationalHappiness.Ithas5)underpinnedthecountry’sapproachtochangeanddevelopment.Aftercenturiesofself-imposedisolation,in1961,Bhutanopeneditsdoorstotheworld.TheBhutanesequicklylearntthatinthepursuitofecono
3、micprosperity,manycountrieshadlosttheirculturalidentitieaswellastheirspirituality,and6)compromisedtheirenvironments.FromaBuddhistperspectivetheburstofconsumer-driven,economicgrowth,andconsequentlytheexplosionofaffluenceinindustrializednationhadresultedinwidespreadspiritualpoverty.Itwasaclearmessa
4、getotheBhutanesethateconomicgrowthalonedidnotbringcontentment.However,thegovernmentalsoknewthatchangewasinevitable.SoBhutanhadtocomeupwithadifferentapproachtodevelopment—somethingthatwouldmonitorandregulatethenatureandpaceofchangewithoutcompromisingtheessenceofitscitizens’well-being.ThuGNHwasborn
5、.GNH,accordingtotheCenterofBhutanStudiesinthecapital,Thimphu,isnotagainstchange.It7)propoundsdevelopmentbybalancingeconomicdevelopment,preservationoftheenvironment,andreligious-culturalheritage.Theunderlyingmessageisthatthecountryshouldnotsacrificeelementsimportantforpeople’shappinesstogainmateri
6、aldevelopment.Inshort,GNH8)takesintoaccountnotjusttheflowofmoney,butalsoaccesstohealthcare,freetimewithfamily,conservationofnaturalresourceandothernon-economicfactors.到底什么是幸福呢?在常见的发展理论中,幸福等同于金钱与繁荣,是用GNP(国民生产总值)衡量的。但不丹,一个位于喜马拉雅山区,遥远而美丽的佛教国家,正尝试一种不同的幸福理念。在国王吉格梅·辛格·旺楚克的支持下,不丹政府采用了一种不同的标准来衡量幸福,叫GNH,即
7、国民幸福总值,这一直是这个国家求变发展的基石。历经了几个世纪的自我封闭之后,在1961年,不丹终于向世界打开了大门。不丹人很快认识到,在追求经济繁荣的过程中,许多国家丧失了自己的文化身份以及精神特性,并牺牲了自己的环境。从佛教的角度来看,消费者驱动型经济的迅猛增长以及随之而产生的工业化国家中财富的膨胀都会造成普遍的精神贫乏。这让不丹人清楚地认识到,单纯的经济增长并不能带来满足感。虽然如此,不丹政府也清楚改变是不可避免的。因此不丹必须