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1、外文原文JSPapplicationframeworksbrianwright、michaelfreedmanhttp://book.huihoo.com/pdf/introduction-to-machine-learning/Whatareapplicationframeworks:Aframeworkisareusable,semi-completeapplicationthatcanbespecializedtoproducecustomapplications[Johnson].Likepeople,softwareapplicationsaremo
2、realikethantheyaredifferent.Theyrunonthesamecomputers,expectinputfromthesamedevices,outputtothesamedisplays,andsavedatatothesameharddisks.Developersworkingonconventionaldesktopapplicationsareaccustomedtotoolkitsanddevelopmentenvironmentsthatleveragethesamenessbetweenapplications.App
3、licationframeworksbuildonthiscommongroundtoprovidedeveloperswithareusablestructurethatcanserveasthefoundationfortheirownproducts.Aframeworkprovidesdeveloperswithasetofbackbonecomponentsthathavethefollowingcharacteristics:1.Theyareknowntoworkwellinotherapplications.2.Theyarereadytous
4、ewiththenextproject.3.Theycanalsobeusedbyotherteamsintheorganization.Frameworksaretheclassicbuild-versus-buyproposition.Ifyoubuildit,youwillunderstanditwhenyouaredone—buthowlongwillitbebeforeyoucanrollyourown?Ifyoubuyit,youwillhavetoclimbthelearningcurve—andhowlongisthatgoingtotake?
5、Thereisnorightanswerhere,butmostobserverswouldagreethatframeworkssuchasStrutsprovideasignificantreturnoninvestmentcomparedtostartingfromscratch,especiallyforlargerprojects.Othertypesofframeworks:Theideaofaframeworkappliesnotonlytoapplicationsbuttoapplicationcomponentsaswell.Througho
6、utthisarticle,weintroduceothertypesofframeworksthatyoucanusewithStruts.TheseincludetheLucenesearchengine,theScaffoldtoolkit,theStrutsvalidator,andtheTilestaglibrary.Likeapplicationframeworks,thesetoolsprovidesemi-completeversionsofasubsystemthatcanbespecializedtoprovideacustomcompon
7、ent.Someframeworkshavebeenlinkedtoaproprietarydevelopmentenvironment.ThisisnotthecasewithStrutsoranyoftheotherframeworksshowninthisbook.YoucanuseanydevelopmentenvironmentwithStruts:VisualAgeforJava,JBuilder,Eclipse,Emacs,andTextpadareallpopularchoicesamongStrutsdevelopers.Ifyoucanus
8、eitwithJava,youcanu
